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Neuroscience > Neuroscience Week 7: Neurodevelopmental disorders > Flashcards

Neuroscience Week 7: Neurodevelopmental disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Special aspects of the assessment of children

A
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2
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders onset

A

occur in childhood or adolescence

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3
Q

Intellectual disability criteria?

A

based on both clinical assessment and standardized testing of intelligence

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4
Q

Autism spectrum disorder Dx criteria

A

Deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (with or without) intellectual impairment and/or medical or genetic cause

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5
Q

ADHD Dx criteria

A
  • Very common
  • 2 broad groups of symptoms
  • inattention
  • hyperactivity and impulsivity
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6
Q

Separation anxiety disorder description

A

developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning separation

is normal 10 months - 2 years

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7
Q

Separation anxiety disorder symptoms

6 listed

A
  • anticipatory anxiety when separation is anticipated
  • worry of harm or losing caregiver
  • school refusal
  • fear of being alone
  • refusal to sleep alone
  • nightmares with separation themes
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8
Q

Separation anxiety disorder Treatment

2 listed

A

antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy

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9
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder description

A

a pattern of negativistic, hostile and defiant behavior lasting at least 6 months

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10
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder symptoms

8 listed

A
  • often losing temper
  • often argues with adults
  • refusing to comply with adults’ rules/requests
  • easily annoyed
  • deliberately annoys
  • often angry and resentful
  • spiteful or vindictive
  • often blames others
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11
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder prevalence

A

10%

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12
Q

Conduct disorder description

A

a persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms are violated

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13
Q

Conduct disorder associated with?

A

40% Antisocial PD as an adult

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14
Q

Conduct disorder onset

A

duration of at least one year, can start in early childhood

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15
Q

Conduct disorder symptoms

4 listed

A
  • aggression to people or animals
  • destruction of property
  • deceitfulness or theft
  • serious violation of rules
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16
Q

Conduct disorder prevalence

A

5-10% of adolescents

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17
Q

Case 1

Discuss key clinical characteristics of concern

What are Ashley’s problems?

A
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18
Q

Restrictive, repetitive, stereotyped patterns

A
  • stereotyped or repetitive movements, use of objects, or speech
  • insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines
  • ritualized patterns of verbal or non-verbal behaviors
  • Highly restricted ,fixed interests
  • Hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspect of environment
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19
Q

Ashley (cont)

A
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20
Q

Social communication deficits

8 listed

A
21
Q

Questions to ask parents?

A
22
Q

Best Dx for Ashley

A
23
Q

Autism epidemiology

A
  • more common in boys
  • 1 in 59 children
24
Q

Autism effects and comorbidities

7 listed

A
  • ADHD
  • Sleep problems
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • GI distress
  • Epilepsy
  • Schizophrenia
25
Q

Concerns of families and for providers regarding autism

A
26
Q

How do I stop the stim?

A
27
Q

Autism causes

3 listed

A
28
Q

Autism assessment tools

A

ADOS

29
Q

Ashley UTI

A
30
Q

Autism treatment

A
  • pharmacology for comorbid disorders (depression, anxiety, GI, etc)
  • Applied behavioral analysis (time-intensive, 40 hrs/week)
31
Q

Case 2

discuss possible causes of Brandon’s behavior and distress

A
32
Q

Brandon alone interview

describe key clinical characteristics and Brandon’s possible Dx

A
33
Q

Case 3

Discuss key clinical features of stevens presentation and possible Dxs

Name instruments which may be used to help Dx and monitor Steven’s symptoms

A
34
Q

Rating scales

A
35
Q

ADHD epidemiology

A
36
Q

ADHD description

A
  • A neurodevelopmental disorder in which an individual’s ability to attend to and control impulses is significantly less than typical child or adult
  • Causes impairment in the individuals academic or soical functioning
  • is not accounted for by some other medical or psychiatric condition
37
Q

ADHD subtypes

3 listed

A
  • predominantly inattentive ADHD
  • Hyperactive-impulsive presentation
  • combined presentation
38
Q

ADHD symptoms

7 listed

A
  • difficulty in school work or performance
  • school or work performance below level of competence
  • poor concentration
  • lack of organization
  • poor discipline
  • inability to follow a routine
  • forgetfulness
39
Q

Risk factors for ADHD

A
  • highly heritable (71-90% of the variance in ADHD traits was found to be attributable to genetics)
  • maternal smoking during pregnancy
40
Q

Comorbidities of ADHD

5 listed

A
41
Q

ADHD Treatment

A
42
Q

Stimulant management in ADHD

A
  • FHx of structural heart defects risk of sudden cardiac death
  • monitor height and weight at each visit
43
Q

ADHD and substance use disorders

A

untreated ADHD is a risk factor of later onset substance use disorders

44
Q

Lisdexamfetamine for ADHD

A

a stimulant pro-drug may be used if there is a concern for medication misuse

45
Q

Non-stimulant medication options for ADHD

A
46
Q

Tourette’s disorder can occur in a triad with?

A

ADHD and Obsessive compulsive disorder

47
Q

Tourette’s Disorder symptoms

5 listed

A
48
Q

Tourette’s disorder onset

A
  • onset before 18 years of age
  • motor tics usually occur first around age 7 to 8
49
Q

Tourette’s disorder treatment

2 listed

A
  • treated with antipsychotics,
  • can also use alpha agents such as clonidine

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