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Neuroscience > Neuroscience Week 7: Frontal Lobes > Flashcards

Neuroscience Week 7: Frontal Lobes Flashcards

1
Q

Phineas Gage

A
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2
Q

Bedlam 1946

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3
Q

Early Psychosurgery pioneers

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4
Q

Moniz Technique

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5
Q

Walter Freeman

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6
Q

Freeman’s first patients

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7
Q

Clinical efficacy of lobotomy

A

positive and negative

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8
Q

Transorbital lobotomy history

A
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9
Q

Transorbital lobotomy photographs

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10
Q

Rapid decline of lobotomy

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11
Q

Modern day psychosurgery

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12
Q

Noninvasive brain stimulation

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13
Q

Frontal lobe anatomy

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14
Q

Identify

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15
Q

BA 4

A

Primary motor strip

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16
Q

BA 6

A

supplementary motor cortex

&

Premotor cortex

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17
Q

BA 9, 10, 46

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal

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18
Q

BA 24, 25, 32, 33

A

Medial frontal

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19
Q

BA 47, 11, 12

A

Orbital frontal

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20
Q

Phylogenetic expansion of the frontal lobes

6 listed

A
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21
Q

Otogenetic expansion of the frontal lobes

4 listed

A
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22
Q

Subcortical structures of the frontal lobes

5 listed

A
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23
Q

Basal Ganglia structures

5 listed

A
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24
Q

Identify

A
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25
Q

Frontal-subcortical circuits

5 listed

A
  • parallel
  • segregated
  • functional
  • closed
  • open
26
Q

Parallel circuit description

A

each circuit has the same structures as the others

27
Q

Segregated circuit description

A

each circuit is distinct from the others

28
Q

Functional circuit description

A

Each one serves a different function

29
Q

Closed circuit description

A

returning to original cortical area

30
Q

Open circuit description

A

receiving input from areas outside the circuit

31
Q

Identify

A
32
Q

Three of the Frontal-subcortical circuits

A
33
Q

Behavior circuits ______ motor circuits

A

mirror

34
Q

Direct and indirect pathway

A
35
Q

Modulation of thalamic discharge

direct and indirect pathways

A
36
Q

The medial frontal circuit AKA

A

anterior cingulate circuit

37
Q

The medial frontal circuit function

A

responsible for motivation and deciding

38
Q

anterior cingulate circuit function

A

responsible for motivation and deciding

39
Q

Orbital frontal circuit function

A

responsible for social behavior and reward/punishment assessment

40
Q

Dorsolateral prefrontal circuit function

A

responsible for planning, problem solving and working memory

41
Q

Syndromes of the dorsolateral circuit

A

Dysexecutive syndrome

42
Q

Syndromes of the medial frontal circuit

A

Amotivational syndrome

43
Q

Syndromes of the orbito frontal circuit

A

Disinhibition syndrome

44
Q

What is the most well-known portrait of brain injury related neurobehavioral syndromes in film and history?

A

Apathy syndrome

45
Q

Apathy Syndrome symptoms

A

absence of motor or psychic initiative

indifference to pain, thirst, hunger

Lack of spontaneous movement/speech

Lack of desire

Flat affect

Apathy < Abulia < Akinetic Mutism

46
Q

Abulia definition

A

an absence of willpower or an inability to act decisively, as a symptom of mental illness.

47
Q

apathy definition

A

lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern

48
Q

Akinetic mutism definition

A

Akinetic mutism is a medical term describing patients tending neither to move (akinesia) nor speak (mutism). Akinetic mutism was first described in 1941 as a mental state where patients lack the ability to move or speak. However, their eyes may follow their observer or be diverted by sound.

49
Q

Identify

A
50
Q

apathy syndrome circuit effected

A

Medial Frontal

51
Q

Disinhibition syndrome symptoms

7 listed

A
  • Lack of social tact/comportment
  • inappropriately jocular/sexual/antisocial
  • Inattentive/distractible/hyperkinetic
  • Disinhibition
  • Lack of judgment
  • Lack of responsibility
  • Imitation/utilization
52
Q

Disinhibition Syndrome tests

A
53
Q

WTF is this?

A
54
Q

Dysexecutive syndrome symptoms

6 listed

A
  • Poor visual/spatial/motor organization/strategy
  • Difficulty shifting/maintaining set
  • Reduced verbal/design fluency
  • Poor focus/inattention
  • Poor hypothesis generation
  • Poor memory search/retrieval
55
Q

Dysexecutive syndrome tests

A
56
Q

Dorsolateral syndrome symptoms

5 listed

A
57
Q

Dorsolateral circuit syndrome AKA

A

Dysexecutive syndrome

58
Q

Focal treatment for frontal lobe syndromes

A
59
Q

TMS for depression

A
60
Q

What is this?

A
61
Q

Summary: explain

medial frontal

orbito frontal

dorsolateral frontal

A
62
Q

Conclusions of the frontal lobes

A

Neuroscience (96 decks)

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