Neuroscience Week 7: Frontal Lobes Flashcards
Phineas Gage
Bedlam 1946
Early Psychosurgery pioneers
Moniz Technique
Walter Freeman
Freeman’s first patients
Clinical efficacy of lobotomy
positive and negative
Transorbital lobotomy history
Transorbital lobotomy photographs
Rapid decline of lobotomy
Modern day psychosurgery
Noninvasive brain stimulation
Frontal lobe anatomy
Identify
BA 4
Primary motor strip
BA 6
supplementary motor cortex
&
Premotor cortex
BA 9, 10, 46
Dorsolateral prefrontal
BA 24, 25, 32, 33
Medial frontal
BA 47, 11, 12
Orbital frontal
Phylogenetic expansion of the frontal lobes
6 listed
Otogenetic expansion of the frontal lobes
4 listed
Subcortical structures of the frontal lobes
5 listed
Basal Ganglia structures
5 listed
Identify
Frontal-subcortical circuits
5 listed
- parallel
- segregated
- functional
- closed
- open
Parallel circuit description
each circuit has the same structures as the others
Segregated circuit description
each circuit is distinct from the others
Functional circuit description
Each one serves a different function
Closed circuit description
returning to original cortical area
Open circuit description
receiving input from areas outside the circuit
Identify
Three of the Frontal-subcortical circuits
Behavior circuits ______ motor circuits
mirror
Direct and indirect pathway
Modulation of thalamic discharge
direct and indirect pathways
The medial frontal circuit AKA
anterior cingulate circuit
The medial frontal circuit function
responsible for motivation and deciding
anterior cingulate circuit function
responsible for motivation and deciding
Orbital frontal circuit function
responsible for social behavior and reward/punishment assessment
Dorsolateral prefrontal circuit function
responsible for planning, problem solving and working memory
Syndromes of the dorsolateral circuit
Dysexecutive syndrome
Syndromes of the medial frontal circuit
Amotivational syndrome
Syndromes of the orbito frontal circuit
Disinhibition syndrome
What is the most well-known portrait of brain injury related neurobehavioral syndromes in film and history?
Apathy syndrome
Apathy Syndrome symptoms
absence of motor or psychic initiative
indifference to pain, thirst, hunger
Lack of spontaneous movement/speech
Lack of desire
Flat affect
Apathy < Abulia < Akinetic Mutism
Abulia definition
an absence of willpower or an inability to act decisively, as a symptom of mental illness.
apathy definition
lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
Akinetic mutism definition
Akinetic mutism is a medical term describing patients tending neither to move (akinesia) nor speak (mutism). Akinetic mutism was first described in 1941 as a mental state where patients lack the ability to move or speak. However, their eyes may follow their observer or be diverted by sound.
Identify
apathy syndrome circuit effected
Medial Frontal
Disinhibition syndrome symptoms
7 listed
- Lack of social tact/comportment
- inappropriately jocular/sexual/antisocial
- Inattentive/distractible/hyperkinetic
- Disinhibition
- Lack of judgment
- Lack of responsibility
- Imitation/utilization
Disinhibition Syndrome tests
WTF is this?
Dysexecutive syndrome symptoms
6 listed
- Poor visual/spatial/motor organization/strategy
- Difficulty shifting/maintaining set
- Reduced verbal/design fluency
- Poor focus/inattention
- Poor hypothesis generation
- Poor memory search/retrieval
Dysexecutive syndrome tests
Dorsolateral syndrome symptoms
5 listed
Dorsolateral circuit syndrome AKA
Dysexecutive syndrome
Focal treatment for frontal lobe syndromes
TMS for depression
What is this?
Summary: explain
medial frontal
orbito frontal
dorsolateral frontal
Conclusions of the frontal lobes
