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Neuroscience > Neuroscience Week 7: Infant attachment > Flashcards

Neuroscience Week 7: Infant attachment Flashcards

1
Q

The most prevalent perinatal illness

A

Depression

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2
Q

Perinatal depression prevalence during and after pregnancy

A

is one of the most common medical complications during and after pregnancy

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3
Q

Perinatal depression is associated with?

A

adverse consequences for mother, child and family

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4
Q

Perinatal depression prevalence

A
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5
Q

Perinatal anxiety disorders

A
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6
Q

Bipolar affective disorder example

A

Postpartum psychosis

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7
Q

% of mothers receive treatment for perinatal psychiatric disorders

A
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8
Q

Media portrayal of perinatal medication research

A
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9
Q

Peripartum depressive disorders how to differentiate or is it something more?

A
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10
Q

Peripartum depression symptoms

A
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11
Q

Peripartum depression symptoms: Emotional

6 listed

A
  • Guilt
  • Depressed mood
  • Reduced interest or pleasure
  • Suicidal ideation
  • Obsessions and compulsions
  • Anxiety
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12
Q

Peripartum depression symptoms: somatic

5 listed

A
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Diminished energy
  • Reduced concentration
  • Appetite or weight changes
  • Psychomotor functioning changes
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13
Q

Postpartum blues occurs in what & of new mothers?

A

50 - 80%

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14
Q

Postpartum depression occurs in what % of women following childbirth?

A

13-20%

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15
Q

Baby blues vs Postpartum Depression (PPD)

A
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16
Q

Baby blues onset

A

begins within the first few days

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17
Q

Baby blues prognosis

A

resolves within 1-2 weeks

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18
Q

Postpartum Depression (PPD) onset

A
  • generally begins 2 weeks after birth
  • occurs within the 1st year
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19
Q

Postpartum Depression (PPD) increased risks

A

increased risk for suicide

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20
Q

Postpartum Depression (PPD) symptoms

7 listed

A
  • Feelings of anger or irritability
  • Lack of interest in the baby
  • Appetite and sleep disturbance
  • Crying and sadness
  • Feelings of guilt, shame or hopelessness
  • Loss of interest, joy or pleasure in things previously enjoyed
  • Thoughts of harming self or baby
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21
Q

Baby blues symptoms

3 listed

A
  • Sad, tearful or irritable
  • Overwhelmed
  • usually resolves without intervention
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22
Q

BPAD AKA

A

Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder

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23
Q

Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization

A

23x risk in the first postpartum month

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24
Q

Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder adverse gestational outcomes

6 listed

A
  • gestational hypertension
  • antepartum hemorrhage
  • increased rates of induction of labor and C-section
  • severe growth retardation (<2nd or 3rd percentile)
  • increased neonatal morbidity
  • preterm birth
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25
Q

Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder relapse

A
  • 80-100% who discontinue mood stabilizing meds relapse soon after medication discontinuation
  • occurs rapidly and often within a few days of delivery
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26
Q

Overview of Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder

A
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27
Q

Postpartum Psychosis prevalence

A

1 to 2 out of every 1000 deliveries

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28
Q

Postpartum Psychosis symptoms

7 listed

A
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29
Q

Postpartum Psychosis onset

A

Sudden, usually within 2 weeks

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30
Q

Postpartum Psychosis Suicide and infanticide rate

A
  • 5% suicide
  • 4% infanticide
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31
Q

Postpartum Psychosis Risk factor

A

a history of bipolar affective disorder or a previous psychotic episode

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32
Q

Postpartum Psychosis recurrence rate

A

50-80% chance of another episode in recurrent pregnancies

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33
Q

Depression after child birth

A
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34
Q

postpartum obsessions onset

A

most common in first-time mothers

can occur during and after pregnancy

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35
Q

postpartum obsessions risk factors

A

increased risk with previous hx of OCD

36
Q

postpartum obsessions symptoms

4 listed

A
  • a sense of horror about the obsessions
  • fear of being left alone with the infant
  • Hypervigilance in protecting the infant
  • Moms know their thoughts are bizarre and are very unlikely to ever act on them
37
Q

postpartum obsessions egodystonic thoughts and obsessions

6 listed

A
38
Q

postpartum obsessions: Compensatory behaviors

7 listed

A
39
Q

postpartum obsessions: Postpartum compulsions

4 listed

A
40
Q

impact of untreated perinatal mood and anxiety disorders

A
41
Q

Untreated perinatal mental illness impact on pregnancy

4 listed

A

Higher rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm and low birth weight

42
Q

Untreated perinatal mental illness: epigenetic effects of antenatal stress and depression

4 listed

on infant

A
43
Q

Untreated perinatal mental illness: impact on infant

5 listed

A
44
Q

Untreated perinatal mental illness: impact on child development

6 listed

A
45
Q

Attachment theory

A
46
Q

First attachment theorist

A

John Bowlby

47
Q

Bowlby’s Ethological theory

A
48
Q

Attachment functions

3 listed

A
49
Q

Attachment styles

4 listed

A
  • secure attachment
  • avoidant attachment
  • ambivalent attachment
  • disorganized attachment
50
Q

Secure attachment % of sample (generalized to represent U.S. population)

A

65%

51
Q

Avoidant attachment % of sample (generalized to represent U.S. population)

A

20%

52
Q

Ambivalent attachment % of sample (generalized to represent U.S. population)

A

10-15%

53
Q

Disorganized attachment % of sample (generalized to represent U.S. population)

A

10-15%

54
Q

Secure attachment child’s general state of being

A
  • secure
  • explorative
  • happy
55
Q

Avoidant attachment child’s general state of being

A
  • not very explorative
  • emotionally distant
56
Q

Ambivalent attachment child’s general state of being

A
  • Anxious
  • insecure
  • angry
57
Q

Disorganized attachment child’s general state of being

A
  • Depressed
  • angry
  • completely passive
  • non-responsive
58
Q

Secure attachment Mother’s responsiveness to her child’s signals and needs

A
  • quick
  • sensitive
  • constant
59
Q

Avoidant attachment Mother’s responsiveness to her child’s signals and needs

A
  • Distant
  • disengaged
60
Q

Ambivalent attachment Mother’s responsiveness to her child’s signals and needs

A
  • Inconsistent
  • sometimes sensitive
  • sometimes neglectful
61
Q

Disorganized attachment Mother’s responsiveness to her child’s signals and needs

A
  • Extreme
  • erratic
  • frightened or frightening
  • passive or intrusive
62
Q

Secure attachment fulfillment of the child’s needs (why the child acts the way it does)

A

believes and trusts that his/her needs will be met

63
Q

Avoidant attachment fulfillment of the child’s needs (why the child acts the way it does)

A

subconsciously believes that his/her needs probably won’t be met

64
Q

Ambivalent attachment fulfillment of the child’s needs (why the child acts the way it does)

A

cannot rely on his/her needs being met

65
Q

Disorganized attachment fulfillment of the child’s needs (why the child acts the way it does)

A

severely confused with no strategy to have his/her needs met

66
Q

Secure attachment: Parental style

A
  • Aligned with the child
  • In tune with the child’s emotions
67
Q

Secure attachment: Resulting adult characteristics

A
  • Able to create meaningful relationships
  • empathetic
  • able to set appropriate boundaries
68
Q

Avoidant attachment: Parental style

A

unavailable or rejecting

69
Q

Avoidant attachment: Resulting adult characteristics

A
  • Avoids closeness or emotional connection
  • distant
  • critical
  • ridgid
  • intolerant
70
Q

Ambivalent attachment: Parental style

A

inconsistent and sometimes intrusive parent communication

71
Q

Ambivalent attachment: Resulting adult characteristics

A
  • Anxious and insecure
  • controlling
  • blaming
  • erratic
  • unpredictable
  • sometimes charming
72
Q

Disorganized attachment: Parental style

A
  • Ignored or didn’t see the child’s needs
  • parental behavior was frightening/traumatizing
73
Q

Disorganized attachment: Resulting adult characteristics

A
  • Chaotic
  • insensitive
  • explosive
  • abusive
  • untrusting even while craving security
74
Q

Evaluation for perinatal depression

A
75
Q

Validated screening tool for perinatal depression

A
76
Q

Basics of promoting maternal well-being

A
77
Q

Treatment options for perinatal depression and anxiety: Non-medication treatments

A
78
Q

Treatment options for perinatal depression and anxiety: Psychotropics

A
79
Q

Treatment decision making for perinatal depression and anxiety

A
80
Q

Resources for perinatal depression and anxiety:

A
81
Q

Question 1

A
82
Q

Question 2

A
83
Q

Question 3

A
84
Q

Question 4

A
85
Q

Question 5

A
86
Q

Question 6

A

Neuroscience (96 decks)

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