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Neuroscience > Neuroscience Week 7: Mechanisms of Learning and Memory > Flashcards

Neuroscience Week 7: Mechanisms of Learning and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Learning definition

A
  • The capacity of organisms to change their behavior in response to experience
  • It maximizes their ability to adapt to their environment
  • It allows individuals to understand causal relationships between events
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2
Q

Learning mechanism

A

unconditioned stimuli repeated until it becomes a conditioned stimulus that can allow for a conditioned response

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3
Q

Classical conditioning

A
  • Habituation
  • Sensitization
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4
Q

Habituation

A

Repeated stimulation results in a decreased response

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5
Q

Sensitization

A

Repeated stimulation leads to an increased response

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6
Q

Operant conditioning

A
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7
Q

Reinforcers can be?

A
  • Primary (intrinsically desired)
  • Secondary (not intrinsically valued)
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8
Q

Shaping

A
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9
Q

Schedule of reinforcement

5 listed

A
  • Continuous
  • Fixed ratio
  • Fixed interval
  • Variable ratio
  • Variable interval
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10
Q

Continuous reinforcement schedule

A

presented after every response

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11
Q

Fixed Ratio reinforcement schedule

A

Presented after a designated # of responses

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12
Q

Fixed interval reinforcement schedule

A

Presented after a designated amount of time

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13
Q

Variable ratio reinforcement schedule

A

Presented after random # of responses

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14
Q

Variable interval reinforcement schedule

A

Presented after random amount of time

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15
Q

Continuous reinforcement effects

A
  • Rapidly learning
  • Rapid extinction
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16
Q

Fixed ratio reinforcement effects

A

Rapid response rate

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17
Q

Fixed interval reinforcement effects

A
  • Response ↑ toward end of interval
  • Response ↓ after reinforcement is given
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18
Q

Variable ratio reinforcement effects

A

Highly resistant to extinction

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19
Q

Variable ratio reinforcement effects

A

Highly resistant to extinction

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20
Q

Modeling description

A

observational learning in which a behavior is demonstrated and the observer imitates the behavior

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21
Q

Modeling effects

A

More efficient and faster than operant learning

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22
Q

Modeling limitations and caveats

A
  • Limited by communication barriers and salience of the behavior
  • can also be used to teach negative behaviors (maladaptive behaviors)
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23
Q

Extinction description

A
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24
Q

Spontaneous recovery description

A
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25
Q

Stimulus generalization description

A
26
Q

Different types of memory processes

A
  • short term (working/instant sec/min)
  • Long term (hrs to years)
27
Q

Long-term memory and circuits

A
  • explicit (declarative)
  • Implicit (nondeclarative)
28
Q

declarative memory is

A

explicit

29
Q

Nondeclarative memory is

A

Implicit

30
Q

Explicit memory types

A
  • Sematic memory
  • Episodic memory
31
Q

Implicit memory types

A
  • Procedural memory
  • Associative learning
  • Nonassociative learning
32
Q

Semantic memory description

A

What is a …?

33
Q

Episodic memory description

A

What happened …?

34
Q

Procedural memory description

A

How to …?

35
Q

Associative learning description

A

Classical and operant conditioning

36
Q

Nonassociative learning description

A
  • habituation
  • sensitization
37
Q

Anatomical localization of memory types

A
38
Q

Hippocampal damage

A
39
Q

Thalamic damage: Dorsomedial thalamus

A
40
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff description and symptoms (6)

A
41
Q

Basal nuclei damage

A
42
Q

Lacunar amnesia

A
43
Q

Amnesias Categories

6 listed

A
  • Anterograde
  • Retrograde amnesia
  • Transient global amnesia
  • Dissociative amnesia
  • Post traumatic amnesia
  • Lacunar amnesia
44
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

inability to create new memories while long-term memories from before the event remain intact

45
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

inability to recall memories before the acquired onset of amnesia

46
Q

TGA AKA

A

Transient Global Amnesia

47
Q

Transient Global Amnesia description

A

temporary short-term memory loss followed by recovery

48
Q

Dissociative amnesia description

A

sudden loss of memory for important personal information

49
Q

Post-traumatic amnesia description

A

resulting from concussion or other head trauma

50
Q

Lacunar amnesia description

A

loss of memory about one specific event

51
Q

Summary: explain

  • classical conditioning
  • Operant conditioning
  • schedules of reinforcement
A
52
Q

Summary: explain

  • Classifications of memory
  • Amnesias
A
53
Q

Explicit memory definition

A

Explicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is the conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts

54
Q

Implicit memory definition

A
  • Implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously and can affect thoughts and behaviors.
  • One of its most common forms is procedural memory, which helps people performing certain tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences.
55
Q

Skills and habits memory type and brain region

A

implicit procedural memory

  • Striatum
  • motor cortex
  • cerebellum
56
Q

Priming memory type and brain region

A

Implicit memory: procedural memory

  • Neocortex
57
Q

Emotional responses memory type and brain region

A

Implicit memory: Associative learning

  • Amygdala
58
Q

Nonassociative learning memory type and brain region

A

Implicit memory (habituation and sensitization)

  • Reflex pathways
59
Q

Semantic Memory memory type and brain region

A

Explicit memory

  • Hippocampus - medial temporal lobe
  • diencephalon (mammillary bodies and Thalamus)
60
Q

Episodic memory: memory type and brain region

A

Explicit declarative memory

  • Hippocampus - medial temporal lobe
  • diencephalon (mammillary bodies and Thalamus)
61
Q

Memory recall: Steps susceptible to protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Consolidation

and

Retrieval (Decon)

Neuroscience (96 decks)

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