Neurology Flashcards
Cavernous sinus syndrome presentation
variable ophthalmoplegia + decreased corneal sensation + horner syndrome + decreased maxillary sensation + papilledema + retinal hemorrhages + cranial nerve palsies + fever + unilateral headache + exopthalmos
Nerve most susceptible to injury in cavernous sinus syndrome
CN VI
medial medullary syndrome presentation
contralateral hemiparesis (upper and lower limbs) + decreased contralateral proprioception + ispilateral hypoglossal dysfunction (tongue deviates toward the side of the lesion).
medial medullary syndrome etiology
infarct of paramedian branches of ASA and verebral arteries.
Differentiating AICA from PICA stroke
FA 464. Facial droop means AICA’s pooped.
pseudocholinesterase deficiency
Makes people sensitive to certain anesthetic drugs, including muscle relaxants succinylcholine and mivacurium and other ester anesthetics.
Presentation = paralysis of respiratory muscles.
ryanodien receptors
receptors on the sarcoplasmic reticulum that are coupled to dihydropyridine receptors and cause Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
smooth ER in muscle cells that contains calcium ions.
Neuromyelitis optica
1) presentation
2) etiology
1) simultaneous inflammation and demyelination of optic nerve and spinal cord.
2) Autoimmune: antibodies to astrocytes of optic nerves and spinal cord.
Anal wink
Reflexive contraction of the external anal sphincter upon stroking of the skin around the anus.
Absence of anal wink indicates…
damage to the spinal cord, either in afferent or efferent limb
anal wink afferent, efferent
sensory neuron, pudendal
Friedreich’s ataxia pathophys
Degeneration of nervous tissue in the spinal cord leading to spinal nerves losing some of their **myelin sheath.
