Neuro III Flashcards
limbic system functions
Famous 5 F's Feeding Fleeing Fighting Feeling (emotion) Fucking *long-term memory + olfaction + behavior modulation + ANS function.
Structures of limbic system…
hippocampus + amygdala + fornix + mammillary bodies + cingulate gyrus
mesocortical symptoms
1) decreased activity leads to negative symptoms (flat affect, limited speech).
antipsychotic drugs and mesocortical pathway
Limited affect
Mesolimbic pathway symptoms…
Increased activity leads to positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations)
Primary target of antipsychotic drugs?
Mesolimbic pathway
nigrostriatal pathway symptoms
Decreased activity leads to extrapyramidal symptoms (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia)
Major dopaminergic pathway in brain?
Nigrostriatal.
tuberoinfundibular pathway
Decreased activity leads to increased prolactin leading to decreased libido/sex dysfunction/galactorrhea/gynecomastia.
Input to cerebellum
1) contralateral cortex via middle cerebellar peduncle.
2) Ipsilateral proprioceptive information via inferior cerebellar peduncle from spinal cord.
Cerebellar output
1) Contralateral cortex to modulate movement.
2) Deep nuclei
Lateral –> medial cerebellar nuclei
Don’t Eat Greasy Foods
Dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigial
Output nerves of cerebellum involved in modulation of movement…
Purkinje cells –> deep nuclei of cerebellum –> contralateral cortex via superior cerebellar peduncle.
Affect of lateral lesion to cerebellum?
Impaired voluntary movement of extremities.
How do you tell side of cerebellar lesion?
Propensity to fall toward injured (ipsilateral) side.
Medial structures of cerebellum
Vermal cortex, fastigial nuclei.
What does damage to medial cerebellar structures cause?
1) truncal ataxia + nystagmus + head tilting.
2) generally result in bilateral motor deficits affecting axial and proximal limb musculature.
What does damage to flocculonodular lobe cause?
1) truncal ataxia + nystagmus + head tilting.
2) generally result in bilateral motor deficits affecting axial and proximal limb musculature.
bruxism
excessive teeth grinding and jaw clenching
Basal ganglia functions
1) voluntary movement
2) postural adjustments
How does basal ganglia modulate movement?
negative feedback to cortex
striatum components
putamen + caudate
putamen functions
motor
caudate functiosns
cognitive
