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ID 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what causes intestinal tapeworm from taenia as opposed to cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis?

A

Ingestion of larvae, ingestion of eggs causes cysticercosis.

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2
Q

treatment for intestinal tapeworm (taenia solium)

A

praziquantel

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3
Q

treatment for cysticercosis/neurocysticercosis

A

cysticercosis –> praziquantel

neurocysticercosis –> albendazole

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4
Q

how do you prevent echinococcus related anaphylaxis?

A

Inject cyst with ethanol or hypertonic saline to kill daughter cysts before removal.

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5
Q

Echinococcus transmission

A

Ingestion of eggs from dog feces. Sheep are an intermediate host.

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6
Q

trematode?

A

fluke

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7
Q

what are the trematodes?

A

1) schistosoma

2) clonorchis sinensis

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8
Q

schisto presentation

A

liver + spleen enlargement + fibrosis + inflammation

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9
Q

what part of schisto life cycle penetrates humans?

A

cercariae

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10
Q

How do you differentiate S mansoni from s haemotobium?

A

S mansoni = egg with lateral spine.

S haematobium = egg with terminal spine

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11
Q

other complication of s haematobium?

A

pulmonary HTN

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12
Q

clonorchis sinensis causes

A

1) biliary tract inflammation –> pigmented gallstones

2) cholangiocarcinoma

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13
Q

parasite associated with brain cysts, seizures

A

taenia solium

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14
Q

parasites associated with portal HTN

A

1) schistosoma mansoni

2) schistosoma japonicum

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15
Q

what are scabies?

A

mites

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16
Q

scabies presentation

A

serpiginous burrows (lines) in webspace of hands and feet.

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17
Q

scabies pathophys

A

mites that burrow into the stratum corneum and cause pruritus

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18
Q

scabies transmission

A

fomites

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19
Q

where are scabies common?

A

children, crowded populations (jails, nursing homes)

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20
Q

scabies treatment

A

1) permethrin cream
2) wash/dry all clothing/bedding
3) treat close contacts

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21
Q

terms for lice

A

pediculus humanus

phthirus pubis

22
Q

lice presentation

A

intense pruritus + pink macule and papule in intertriginous areas

23
Q

organisms transmitted by lice

A

1) rickettsia prowazekii
2) borrelia recurrentis
3) bartonella quintana (trench fever)

24
Q

lice treatment

A

1) pyrethroids
2) malathion
3) ivermectin lotion
4) nit combing

25
Q

what is complementation?

A

1 of 2 viruses that infects a cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein and the non mutated virus complements the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses.

26
Q

classic example of complementation

A

hep D (needs HBsAg, the envelope protein for HDV)

27
Q

phenotypic mixing

A

genome of virus A coated with surface proteins of virus B

28
Q

nice thing about live attenuated vaccines..

A

don’t need a booster

29
Q

Only live attenuated vaccine you can give to immunocompetent HIV patients?

30
Q

subunit vaccines

A

1) HBV (antigen = HBsAG)

2) HPV (6,11,16, and 18)

31
Q

only ssDNA DNA virus?

A

Parvoiridae

32
Q

circular DNA viruses?

A

1) papilloma
2) polyoma
3) hepadnavirus

33
Q

only RNA virus that isn’t ss?

A

Reoviridae

34
Q

positive sense RNA viruses?

A

1) retrovirus
2) togavirus
3) flavivirus
4) coronavirus
5) hepevirus
6) calicivirus
7) picornavirus

35
Q

which virus particles are infectious

A

infectious:
1) nucleic acids of most dsDNA (except poxviruses and HBV)
2) positive sense strand ssRNA (basically mRNA)
noninfectious:
1) naked nucleic acids of negative sense strand ssRNA and dsRNA viruses (require polymerases contained in complete virion).

36
Q

DNA virus that replicates in the nucleus..

37
Q

RNA virus that replicates in the nucleus

A

1) influenza

2) *retroviruses

38
Q

How do enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes? exception?

A

from plasma membrane when exiting except (herpesviruses (from nuclear membrane))

39
Q

capsid rule with DNA viruses

A

all are icosahedral (except pox (complex)

40
Q

how can pox virus replicate in the cytoplasm?

A

carries own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

41
Q

largest DNA virus

42
Q

milkmaid blisters

43
Q

hepadnavirus structure

A

ENVELOPED
partially DS and circular
*has reverse transcriptase

44
Q

adenovirus causes

A

1) febrile pharyngitis
2) acute hemorrhagic cystitis
3) pneumonia
4) conjunctivitis (pink eye)

45
Q

CIN?

A

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Potentially premalignant transformation and abnormal growth (dysplasia) of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix.

46
Q

HPV serotypes associated with warts?

47
Q

what are the polyomaviruses?

A

1) JC virus

2) BK virus

48
Q

BK virus significance

A

transplant patients, commonly targets kidney. DS and circular

49
Q

parvovirus structure

A

SS and linear

50
Q

smallest DNA virus?

A

parvovirus

STEP (85 decks)

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