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STEP > ID 16 > Flashcards

ID 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Difference in presentation between chlamydia and gonorrhoa with PID

A

Chlamydia –> subacute and often undiagnosed.

Gonorrhoeae –> acute.

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2
Q

most common bacterial STI in US?

A

chlamydia

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3
Q

chandelier sign?

A

cervical motion tenderness

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4
Q

PID presentation

A

chandelier sign

purulent cervical discharge

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5
Q

PID may include…

A

salpingitis
endometritis
hydrosalpinx
*tubo-ovarian abscess

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6
Q

Most common causes of nosocomial infection?

A 
E coli (UTI)
S aureus wound infections
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7
Q

C diff presentation

A

watery diarrhea

*leukocytosis

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8
Q

usual pathogens with aspiration

A

polymicrobial
*gram negatives
anaerobes

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9
Q

aspiration pneumonia findings

A

1) right lower lobe infiltrate or right upper/middle lobe if recumbent
2) purulent malodorous sputum

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10
Q

decubitus ulcers usually caused by

A

1) s aureus

2) gram negative anaerobes

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11
Q

long term IV catheter associated pathogen

A

s epidermidis

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12
Q

other pathogens associated with IV catheters

A

s aureus

*enterobacter

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13
Q

pathogens associated with mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation?

A 
Late onset: 
P aeruginosa, 
klebsiella
acinetobacter
S aureus
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14
Q

Findings with mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation infection?

A

New infiltrate on CXR.

Increased sputum production.

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15
Q

common nosocomial infection with renal dialysis?

A

HBV

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16
Q

urinary catheterization pathogens?

A

E coli
Klebsiella
Proteus

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17
Q

Rash in an unimmunized child think..

A

Rubella

Measles

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18
Q

epiglottitis presentation

A

fever with dysphagia, drooling, difficulty breathing.

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19
Q

caveat about h flu type b epiglottitis

A

can cause epiglottitis in immunized children too

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20
Q

Infection in asplenic patient think…

A

encapsulated microbes

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21
Q

Infection in neutropenic pt think..

A

candida

aspergillus

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22
Q

empyema think…

A

s aureus

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23
Q

infection with traumatic open wound think…

A

clostridium perfringens

24
Q

nalidixic acid

A

quinolone

25
Q

bacitracin

A

glycopeptide. inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis.

26
Q

streptogramins?

A

quinupristin

dalfopristin

27
Q

monobactams?

A

aztreonam

28
Q

1st generation cephalosporin?

A

cefazolin

29
Q

2nd generation cephalosporin?

A

cefoxitin

30
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin?

A

ceftriaxone

31
Q

4th generation cephalosporin?

A

cefepime

32
Q

5th generation cephalosporin?

A

ceftaroline

33
Q

Penicillin clinical uses

A 
Gram positives (S pneumo, s pyogenes, actinomyces)
Gram negatives (n mengitidis)
spirochetes (t pallidum)
34
Q

penicillin bacteriostatic/cidal?

A

usually bactericidal

35
Q

penicillin resistance

A

penicillinase in bacteria cleaves beta-lactam ring

36
Q

penicillinase?

A

Type of beta-lactamase

37
Q

What are step penicillinase-sensitive penicillins?

A

amoxicillin, ampicillin; aminopenicillins

38
Q

point of adding clavulanic acid?

A

protect against beta-lactamse

39
Q

amoxicillin vs. ampicillin

A

amoxicillin has greater oral bioavailability

40
Q

penicillinase-sensitive penicillins use

A 
H flu
H pylori
E coli
Listeria
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella
Enterococci
41
Q

amoxicillin/ampicillin AE’s

A

1) Hypersensitivity reactions
2) rash
3) C diff

42
Q

penicillinase-sensitive penicillins resistance

A

penicillinase cleaves beta lactam ring

43
Q

What are penicillinase-resistant penicillins?

A

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
*Dicloxacillin

44
Q

How do penicillinase-resistant penicillins resist penicillinase?

A

Bulky R group blocks access of beta-lactamase to beta-lactam ring

45
Q

penicillinase-resistant penicillin uses

A

S aureus (EXCEPT MRSA; resistant because of altered penicillin-binding protein target site) (Use naf for staph)

46
Q

penicillinase-resistant penicillin AE’s

A

1) hypersensitivity reactions

2) interstitial nephritis

47
Q

What are the antipseudomonal penicillins?

A

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin

48
Q

Spectrum of penicillinase-resistant penicillins?

A

narrow

49
Q

Spectrum of antipseudomonal penicillins?

A

broad spectrum

50
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins uses

A

pseudomonas

gram negative rods

51
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins resistance

A

penicillinase

52
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins caveat

A

usually used with beta-lactamase inhibitors

53
Q

antipseudomonal penicillins AE’s

A

hypersensitivity reactions

54
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
tazobactam

55
Q

hydrosalpinx

A

Distally blocked fallopian tube filled with serous or clear fluid.

56
Q

tuba-ovarian abscess

A

Late complication of PID. Capsule pocket of pus occurring during infection of fallopian tube and ovary.

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