Enzymes

Question 1

Phospholipase

Answer 1

enzymes that degrade phospholipids into fatty acids

Question 2

desmolase

Answer 2

catalyzes the formation or destruction of carbon-carbon bonds within a molecule.

Question 3

Beta-glucuronidase

Answer 3

Infection of the biliary tract results in release of beta-glucuronidase by injured hepatocytes and bacteria. Contributes to the hydrolysis of bilirubin glucuronides + increases the amount of unconjugated bilirubin in bile.

Question 4

Thyroid peroxidase

Answer 4

Function = oxidation of iodide to iodine + iodination of thyroglobulin tyrosine residues + iodotyrosine coupling reaction that forms T3 and T4.

Question 5

Colipase

Answer 5

Enzyme essential for function of lipase.

Question 6

Phospholipase

Answer 6

enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids into fatty acids.

Question 7

beta-glucuronidase

Answer 7

Catalyzes breakdown of complex carbohydrates.

Question 8

cytochrome C oxidase

Answer 8

Last enzyme in respiratory electron transport chain of mitochondria. Receives an electron from each of four cytochrome C molecules and transfers them to one oxygen molecule, converting molecular oxygen to two molecules of water.

Question 9

NADPH oxidase

Answer 9

Initiates respiratory burst/intracellular killing. Generates superoxide anion by transferring electrons from NADPH, a reactive free radical.

Question 10

Glutathione peroxidase

Answer 10

Main role is to reduce hydrogen peroxide to water.

Question 11

glutathione reductase

Answer 11

regenerates glutathione

Question 12

glutathione

Answer 12

critical molecule in reducing oxidative stress

Question 13

connection between HMP shunt and glutathione

Answer 13

HMP shunt generates NADPH which is used by glutathione reductase to regenerate glutathione, which is critical for resisting oxidative stress.

Question 14

cofactor required by glutathione peroxidase and reducatse

Answer 14

selenium

Question 15

where does respiratory burst happen?

Answer 15

phagolysosome

Question 16

Liposomal lipase

Answer 16

hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins, such as those found in chylomicrons and VLDL into 3 fatty acids and one glycerol.

Question 17

LPL cofactor

Answer 17

ApoC2

Question 18

HSL

Answer 18

hormone-sensitive lipase. Intracellular lipase that hydrolyzes esters. *Hydrolyzes stored triglycerides in adipose tissue to free fatty acids.

Question 19

Phosphodiesterase

Answer 19

Any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond

Question 20

Endonuclease

Answer 20

Enzymes that cleave phosphodiester bonds within polynucleotide chain.

Question 21

Erythropoietin MOA

Answer 21

EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte precursors in the bone marrow. Thus ***stimulates proliferation of erythrocyte precursors.