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STEP > ID 9 > Flashcards

ID 9 Flashcards

1
Q

giardia diagnosis

A

multinucleate trophozoites or cysts in stool

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2
Q

treatment for asymptomatic entamoeba cyst passers?

A

iodoquinol

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3
Q

entamoeba diagnosis

A

serology and/or trophozoites with engulfed RBCs in cytoplasm or cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool

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4
Q

cryptosporidium treatment in immunocompetent host?

A

nitazoxanide

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5
Q

congenital toxo presentation

A

chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications

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6
Q

toxo diagnosis

A

1) serology

2) *tachyzoites on biopsy

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7
Q

naegleria diagnosis

A

amoebas in spinal fluid

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8
Q

African sleeping sickness presentation

A

Enlarged lymph nodes + recurring fever (antigenic variation) + somnolence, coma

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9
Q

trypanosoma brucei diagnosis

A

trypomastigote in blood smear

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10
Q

trypanosoma treatment

A

blood borne disease –> suramin

melarsoprol –> CNS penetration

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11
Q

general malaria presentation

A

fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

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12
Q

p vivax/ovale cycle

A

48-hr cycle

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13
Q

p malaria cycle

A

72 hr (quartan)

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14
Q

P vivax/ovale findings

A

red granules (Schuffner stippling) throughout RBC cytoplasm

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15
Q

other malaria diagnosis

A

schizont containing merozoites

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16
Q

If resistant to chloroquine what do you use?

A

mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil

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17
Q

If life-threatening malaria infection use…

A

IV quinidine or artesunate

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18
Q

other malaria drug you need to test for G6PD deficiency before using…

A

artesunate

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19
Q

what do you need to add for p vivax/ovale?

A

primaquine for hyponozite form

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20
Q

babesiosis presentation

A

fever + hemolytic anemia

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21
Q

RF for severe disease with babesiosis?

A

asplenia

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22
Q

babesiosis treatment

A

atovaquone + azithromycin

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23
Q

blood smear findings with babesiosis

A

ring form + maltese cross

*can also use PCR

24
Q

trypanosoma cruzi diagnosis

A

trypomastigote in blood smear

25
Q

drugs for trypanosoma cruzi

A

1) benznidazole

2) nifurtimox

26
Q

visceral leishmaniasis presentation

A

spiking fevers + hepatosplenomegaly + pancytopenia

27
Q

cutaneous leishmaniasis presents with…

A

skin ulcers

28
Q

trichomonas causes…

A

vaginITIS. not vaginosis (gardnerella)

29
Q

Describe immune response to helminths

A

Eosinophils act by type I and type II hypersensitivity reactions.
Type I — neutralization of histamine and leukotrienes.
Type II – eosinophils attach to surface of helminths via IgE and release cytotoxins (eg, major basic protein) contained in their granules.

30
Q

other name for type 3 collagen

A

reticular fibers

31
Q

type 3 collagen staining

A

silver

32
Q

type 3 collagen function

A

forms a framework mesh for collagen and elastic fibers

33
Q

other name for enterobius vermicularis

A

pinworm

34
Q

other name for ascaris

A

giant roundworm

35
Q

ascaris diagnosis

A

eggs visible in feces under microscope

36
Q

other name for strongyloides

A

threadworm

37
Q

strongyloides presentation

A

vomiting + diarrhea + epigastric pain (may mimic peptic ulcer)

38
Q

strongyloides treatment

A

Ivermectin OR bendazoles

39
Q

cutaneous larva migrant?

A

pruritic serpiginous (leaves scar tissue below while continuing to affect tissue above) rash caused by ancylostoma from walking barefoot on contaminated beach.

40
Q

anyclostoma/necator treatment

A

bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

41
Q

trichinella treatment

A

bendazoles

42
Q

trichinosis prsentation

A

fever + vomiting + nausea + *periorbital edema + myalgia

43
Q

trichinella pathophys

A

infect intestine –> larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in striated muscle cells –> inflammation of muscle

44
Q

disease caused by toxocara canis?

A

visceral larva migrans

45
Q

visceral larva migrant pathophys

A

nematodes migrate to blood through intestinal wall causing inflammation and damage. Affects heart (myocarditis), liver, CNS (seizures, coma)

46
Q

onchocerca treatment

A

ivermectin

47
Q

onchocerca presentation

A

skin changes, loss of elastic fibers, river blindness.

48
Q

potential sequela of onchocerca..

A

allergic reaction to microfilaria

49
Q

onchocerca vector

A

female blackfly

50
Q

loa loa presentation

A

when in skin –> swelling

or worm in conjunctiva

51
Q

loa loa vector

A

deer fly
horse fly
mango fly

52
Q

loa loa treatment

A

diethylcarbamazine

53
Q

elephantiasis timeframe

A

takes about a year to become symptomatic

54
Q

wuchereria bancrofti treatment

A

diethylcarbamazine

55
Q

wuchereria bancrofti vector

A

female mosquito

STEP (85 decks)

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