ID 9 Flashcards
giardia diagnosis
multinucleate trophozoites or cysts in stool
treatment for asymptomatic entamoeba cyst passers?
iodoquinol
entamoeba diagnosis
serology and/or trophozoites with engulfed RBCs in cytoplasm or cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool
cryptosporidium treatment in immunocompetent host?
nitazoxanide
congenital toxo presentation
chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications
toxo diagnosis
1) serology
2) *tachyzoites on biopsy
naegleria diagnosis
amoebas in spinal fluid
African sleeping sickness presentation
Enlarged lymph nodes + recurring fever (antigenic variation) + somnolence, coma
trypanosoma brucei diagnosis
trypomastigote in blood smear
trypanosoma treatment
blood borne disease –> suramin
melarsoprol –> CNS penetration
general malaria presentation
fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
p vivax/ovale cycle
48-hr cycle
p malaria cycle
72 hr (quartan)
P vivax/ovale findings
red granules (Schuffner stippling) throughout RBC cytoplasm
other malaria diagnosis
schizont containing merozoites
If resistant to chloroquine what do you use?
mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
If life-threatening malaria infection use…
IV quinidine or artesunate
other malaria drug you need to test for G6PD deficiency before using…
artesunate
what do you need to add for p vivax/ovale?
primaquine for hyponozite form
babesiosis presentation
fever + hemolytic anemia
RF for severe disease with babesiosis?
asplenia
babesiosis treatment
atovaquone + azithromycin
blood smear findings with babesiosis
ring form + maltese cross
*can also use PCR
trypanosoma cruzi diagnosis
trypomastigote in blood smear
drugs for trypanosoma cruzi
1) benznidazole
2) nifurtimox
visceral leishmaniasis presentation
spiking fevers + hepatosplenomegaly + pancytopenia
cutaneous leishmaniasis presents with…
skin ulcers
trichomonas causes…
vaginITIS. not vaginosis (gardnerella)
Describe immune response to helminths
Eosinophils act by type I and type II hypersensitivity reactions.
Type I — neutralization of histamine and leukotrienes.
Type II – eosinophils attach to surface of helminths via IgE and release cytotoxins (eg, major basic protein) contained in their granules.
other name for type 3 collagen
reticular fibers
type 3 collagen staining
silver
type 3 collagen function
forms a framework mesh for collagen and elastic fibers
other name for enterobius vermicularis
pinworm
other name for ascaris
giant roundworm
ascaris diagnosis
eggs visible in feces under microscope
other name for strongyloides
threadworm
strongyloides presentation
vomiting + diarrhea + epigastric pain (may mimic peptic ulcer)
strongyloides treatment
Ivermectin OR bendazoles
cutaneous larva migrant?
pruritic serpiginous (leaves scar tissue below while continuing to affect tissue above) rash caused by ancylostoma from walking barefoot on contaminated beach.
anyclostoma/necator treatment
bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
trichinella treatment
bendazoles
trichinosis prsentation
fever + vomiting + nausea + *periorbital edema + myalgia
trichinella pathophys
infect intestine –> larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in striated muscle cells –> inflammation of muscle
disease caused by toxocara canis?
visceral larva migrans
visceral larva migrant pathophys
nematodes migrate to blood through intestinal wall causing inflammation and damage. Affects heart (myocarditis), liver, CNS (seizures, coma)
onchocerca treatment
ivermectin
onchocerca presentation
skin changes, loss of elastic fibers, river blindness.
potential sequela of onchocerca..
allergic reaction to microfilaria
onchocerca vector
female blackfly
loa loa presentation
when in skin –> swelling
or worm in conjunctiva
loa loa vector
deer fly
horse fly
mango fly
loa loa treatment
diethylcarbamazine
elephantiasis timeframe
takes about a year to become symptomatic
wuchereria bancrofti treatment
diethylcarbamazine
wuchereria bancrofti vector
female mosquito
