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ID 9 Flashcards

1
Q

giardia diagnosis

A

multinucleate trophozoites or cysts in stool

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2
Q

treatment for asymptomatic entamoeba cyst passers?

A

iodoquinol

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3
Q

entamoeba diagnosis

A

serology and/or trophozoites with engulfed RBCs in cytoplasm or cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool

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4
Q

cryptosporidium treatment in immunocompetent host?

A

nitazoxanide

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5
Q

congenital toxo presentation

A

chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications

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6
Q

toxo diagnosis

A

1) serology

2) *tachyzoites on biopsy

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7
Q

naegleria diagnosis

A

amoebas in spinal fluid

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8
Q

African sleeping sickness presentation

A

Enlarged lymph nodes + recurring fever (antigenic variation) + somnolence, coma

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9
Q

trypanosoma brucei diagnosis

A

trypomastigote in blood smear

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10
Q

trypanosoma treatment

A

blood borne disease –> suramin

melarsoprol –> CNS penetration

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11
Q

general malaria presentation

A

fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly

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12
Q

p vivax/ovale cycle

A

48-hr cycle

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13
Q

p malaria cycle

A

72 hr (quartan)

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14
Q

P vivax/ovale findings

A

red granules (Schuffner stippling) throughout RBC cytoplasm

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15
Q

other malaria diagnosis

A

schizont containing merozoites

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16
Q

If resistant to chloroquine what do you use?

A

mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil

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17
Q

If life-threatening malaria infection use…

A

IV quinidine or artesunate

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18
Q

other malaria drug you need to test for G6PD deficiency before using…

A

artesunate

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19
Q

what do you need to add for p vivax/ovale?

A

primaquine for hyponozite form

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20
Q

babesiosis presentation

A

fever + hemolytic anemia

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21
Q

RF for severe disease with babesiosis?

A

asplenia

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22
Q

babesiosis treatment

A

atovaquone + azithromycin

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23
Q

blood smear findings with babesiosis

A

ring form + maltese cross

*can also use PCR

24
Q

trypanosoma cruzi diagnosis

A

trypomastigote in blood smear

25
drugs for trypanosoma cruzi
1) benznidazole | 2) nifurtimox
26
visceral leishmaniasis presentation
spiking fevers + hepatosplenomegaly + pancytopenia
27
cutaneous leishmaniasis presents with...
skin ulcers
28
trichomonas causes...
vaginITIS. not vaginosis (gardnerella)
29
Describe immune response to helminths
Eosinophils act by type I and type II hypersensitivity reactions. Type I --- neutralization of histamine and leukotrienes. Type II -- eosinophils attach to surface of helminths via IgE and release cytotoxins (eg, major basic protein) contained in their granules.
30
other name for type 3 collagen
reticular fibers
31
type 3 collagen staining
silver
32
type 3 collagen function
forms a framework mesh for collagen and elastic fibers
33
other name for enterobius vermicularis
pinworm
34
other name for ascaris
giant roundworm
35
ascaris diagnosis
eggs visible in feces under microscope
36
other name for strongyloides
threadworm
37
strongyloides presentation
vomiting + diarrhea + epigastric pain (may mimic peptic ulcer)
38
strongyloides treatment
Ivermectin OR bendazoles
39
cutaneous larva migrant?
pruritic serpiginous (leaves scar tissue below while continuing to affect tissue above) rash caused by ancylostoma from walking barefoot on contaminated beach.
40
anyclostoma/necator treatment
bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
41
trichinella treatment
bendazoles
42
trichinosis prsentation
fever + vomiting + nausea + *periorbital edema + myalgia
43
trichinella pathophys
infect intestine --> larvae enter bloodstream and encyst in striated muscle cells --> inflammation of muscle
44
disease caused by toxocara canis?
visceral larva migrans
45
visceral larva migrant pathophys
nematodes migrate to blood through intestinal wall causing inflammation and damage. Affects heart (myocarditis), liver, CNS (seizures, coma)
46
onchocerca treatment
ivermectin
47
onchocerca presentation
skin changes, loss of elastic fibers, river blindness.
48
potential sequela of onchocerca..
allergic reaction to microfilaria
49
onchocerca vector
female blackfly
50
loa loa presentation
when in skin --> swelling | or worm in conjunctiva
51
loa loa vector
deer fly horse fly mango fly
52
loa loa treatment
diethylcarbamazine
53
elephantiasis timeframe
takes about a year to become symptomatic
54
wuchereria bancrofti treatment
diethylcarbamazine
55
wuchereria bancrofti vector
female mosquito

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