ID 12 Flashcards

1
Q

rhabdovirus structure

A

enveloped, single strand, negative sense, helical

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2
Q

filoviruses

A

Ebola

Marburg hemorrhagic fever

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3
Q

filovirus structure

A

*enveloped

SS, negative sense, linear, helical

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4
Q

Arena viruses…

A

LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Lassa fever encephalitis

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5
Q

Lassa fever encephalitis transmission

A

spread by rodents

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6
Q

arenavirus structure

A

enveloped, SS positive or negative, circular, 2 segments, helical capsid

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7
Q

Bunyaviruses

A

1) california encephalitis
2) Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers
3) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
4) Hantavirus-

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8
Q

Bunyavirus structure

A

*enveloped

SS negative sense, circular, 3 segments, helical capsid

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9
Q

Delta virus structure

A

*enveloped

SS negative sense, circular

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10
Q

segmented viruses

A

1) bunyaviruses
2) orthomyxoviruses
3) arena viruses
4) reoviruses

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11
Q

picornavirus memory trick

A

picoRNAvirus = small RNA virus

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12
Q

picornavirus characteristics

A

1) all enteroviruses (fecal-oral) except rhinovirus

2) RNA is translated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins.

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13
Q

rhinovirus characteristics

A

1) over 100 serotypes

2) acid labile (explains why it doesn’t affect GI tract)

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14
Q

yellow fever virus vector

A

Aedes mosquito

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15
Q

yellow fever reservoir

A

monkeys or humans

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16
Q

councilman bodies

A

eosinophilic apoptotic globules

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17
Q

rotavirus season

A

winter

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18
Q

rotavirus pathophys

A

villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of sodium and loss of potassium

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19
Q

most common pathogens with flu superinfection

A

1) s aureus
2) s pneumonia
3) h flu

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20
Q

other name for genetic shift

A

antigenic shift

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21
Q

genetic shift causes…

22
Q

other name for genetic drift

A

antigenic drift

23
Q

cause of genetic drift

A

random mutation in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase genes

24
Q

rubella presentation and rash characteristic

A

1) fever
2) post auricular or other lymphadenopathy
3) arthralgia
4) fine, confluent rash starting on face and spreading centrifugally to involve trunk and extremities.

25
croup cough description
seal-like barking cough + inspiratory stridor
26
shared characteristics of paramyxoviruses...
1) F, fusion protein
27
Croup other name
acute laryngotracheobronchitis
28
croup on CXR
narrowing of upper trachea and sub glottis leads to characteristic steeple sign
29
croup sequela..
Can result in pulses paradoxus secondary to upper airway obstruction.
30
measles prsentation
1) prodromal fever with cough 2) coryza 3) conjunctivitis 4) koplik soos 5) followed 1-2 days later by a maculopapular rash starting at head/neck and spreading downward
31
Warthin-Finkeldey description
Giant cells (fused lymphocytes) in a background of paracortical hyperplasia.
32
koplik spot description
bright red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa
33
sequela of measles...
1) SSPE 2) encephalitis 3) giant cell pneumonia (rarely, in immunosuppressed)
34
treatment for measles
Vitamin A can reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in malnourished
35
mumps symptoms
Parotitis Orchitis aseptic meningitis pancreatitis
36
negri body description
cytoplasmic inclusions commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum and in hippocampal neurons
37
classic example of passive-active immunity...
rabies
38
postexposure prophylaxis for rabis
1) wound cleaning + immunization w/ killed vaccine + rabies immunoglobulin
39
rabies pathophys
travels retrograde to CNS after binding to ACh receptors
40
rabies disease progression
fever, malaise --> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hyper salivation --> paralysis, coma --> death
41
common sources of rabies infection
More commonly from bat, raccoon, and skunk bites than from dog bites in the US. Aerosol transmission in bat caves also possible.
42
what does ebola target?
endothelial cells + phagocytes + hepatocytes
43
ebola virus pathogenesis
incubation period of up to 21 days then abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms + diarrhea/vomiting + high fever + myalgia. Then can progress to DIC --> diffuse hemorrhaging --> shock.
44
ebola diagnosis
RT-PCR within 48 hours of symptom onset
45
ebola transmission
1) direct contact with bodily fluids OR fomites (dead bodies) OR infected bats or primates. 2) high incidence of nosocomial infection
46
treatment for ebola?
supportive. strict isolation and barrier practices for healthcare providers.
47
hepatitis viruses lacking envelope? characteristics?
HAV and HEV. They are not destroyed by the gut. Vowels hit your bowels.
48
HBV lifecycle
enters nucleus --> polymerase completes partial dsDNA --> host RNA polymerase transcribes mRNA from viral DNA to make viral proteins --> DNA polymerase reverse transcribes viral RNA to DNA, which is the genome of the progeny virus.
49
HCV genetics
lacks 3'-5' exonuclease activity. This is what causes variation in antigenic structures of HCV envelope proteins. Host antibody production lags behind production of new mutants strains of HCV.
50
Common sources of HAV...
1) shellfish 2) travelers 3) day care
51
Hantavirus causes...
hemorrhagic fever + pneumonia