ID 12

Question 1

rhabdovirus structure

Answer 1

enveloped, single strand, negative sense, helical

Question 2

filoviruses

Answer 2

Ebola

Marburg hemorrhagic fever

Question 3

filovirus structure

Answer 3

*enveloped

SS, negative sense, linear, helical

Question 4

Arena viruses…

Answer 4

LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Lassa fever encephalitis

Question 5

Lassa fever encephalitis transmission

Answer 5

spread by rodents

Question 6

arenavirus structure

Answer 6

enveloped, SS positive or negative, circular, 2 segments, helical capsid

Question 7

Bunyaviruses

Answer 7

1) california encephalitis
2) Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers
3) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
4) Hantavirus-

Question 8

Bunyavirus structure

Answer 8

*enveloped

SS negative sense, circular, 3 segments, helical capsid

Question 9

Delta virus structure

Answer 9

*enveloped

SS negative sense, circular

Question 10

segmented viruses

Answer 10

1) bunyaviruses
2) orthomyxoviruses
3) arena viruses
4) reoviruses

Question 11

picornavirus memory trick

Answer 11

picoRNAvirus = small RNA virus

Question 12

picornavirus characteristics

Answer 12

1) all enteroviruses (fecal-oral) except rhinovirus

2) RNA is translated into 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases into functional viral proteins.

Question 13

rhinovirus characteristics

Answer 13

1) over 100 serotypes

2) acid labile (explains why it doesn’t affect GI tract)

Question 14

yellow fever virus vector

Answer 14

Aedes mosquito

Question 15

yellow fever reservoir

Answer 15

monkeys or humans

Question 16

councilman bodies

Answer 16

eosinophilic apoptotic globules

Question 17

rotavirus season

Answer 17

winter

Question 18

rotavirus pathophys

Answer 18

villous destruction with atrophy leads to decreased absorption of sodium and loss of potassium

Question 19

most common pathogens with flu superinfection

Answer 19

1) s aureus
2) s pneumonia
3) h flu

Question 20

other name for genetic shift

Answer 20

antigenic shift

Question 21

genetic shift causes…

Answer 21

pandemics

Question 22

other name for genetic drift

Answer 22

antigenic drift

Question 23

cause of genetic drift

Answer 23

random mutation in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase genes

Question 24

rubella presentation and rash characteristic

Answer 24

1) fever
2) post auricular or other lymphadenopathy
3) arthralgia
4) fine, confluent rash starting on face and spreading centrifugally to involve trunk and extremities.

Question 25

croup cough description

Answer 25

seal-like barking cough + inspiratory stridor

Question 26

shared characteristics of paramyxoviruses…

Answer 26

1) F, fusion protein

Question 27

Croup other name

Answer 27

acute laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 28

croup on CXR

Answer 28

narrowing of upper trachea and sub glottis leads to characteristic steeple sign

Question 29

croup sequela..

Answer 29

Can result in pulses paradoxus secondary to upper airway obstruction.

Question 30

measles prsentation

Answer 30

1) prodromal fever with cough
2) coryza
3) conjunctivitis
4) koplik soos
5) followed 1-2 days later by a maculopapular rash starting at head/neck and spreading downward

Question 31

Warthin-Finkeldey description

Answer 31

Giant cells (fused lymphocytes) in a background of paracortical hyperplasia.

Question 32

koplik spot description

Answer 32

bright red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa

Question 33

sequela of measles…

Answer 33

1) SSPE
2) encephalitis
3) giant cell pneumonia (rarely, in immunosuppressed)

Question 34

treatment for measles

Answer 34

Vitamin A can reduce morbidity and mortality, especially in malnourished

Question 35

mumps symptoms

Answer 35

Parotitis
Orchitis
aseptic meningitis
pancreatitis

Question 36

negri body description

Answer 36

cytoplasmic inclusions commonly found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum and in hippocampal neurons

Question 37

classic example of passive-active immunity…

Answer 37

rabies

Question 38

postexposure prophylaxis for rabis

Answer 38

1) wound cleaning + immunization w/ killed vaccine + rabies immunoglobulin

Question 39

rabies pathophys

Answer 39

travels retrograde to CNS after binding to ACh receptors

Question 40

rabies disease progression

Answer 40

fever, malaise –> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hyper salivation –> paralysis, coma –> death

Question 41

common sources of rabies infection

Answer 41

More commonly from bat, raccoon, and skunk bites than from dog bites in the US. Aerosol transmission in bat caves also possible.

Question 42

what does ebola target?

Answer 42

endothelial cells + phagocytes + hepatocytes

Question 43

ebola virus pathogenesis

Answer 43

incubation period of up to 21 days then abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms + diarrhea/vomiting + high fever + myalgia. Then can progress to DIC –> diffuse hemorrhaging –> shock.

Question 44

ebola diagnosis

Answer 44

RT-PCR within 48 hours of symptom onset

Question 45

ebola transmission

Answer 45

1) direct contact with bodily fluids OR fomites (dead bodies) OR infected bats or primates.
2) high incidence of nosocomial infection

Question 46

treatment for ebola?

Answer 46

supportive. strict isolation and barrier practices for healthcare providers.

Question 47

hepatitis viruses lacking envelope? characteristics?

Answer 47

HAV and HEV. They are not destroyed by the gut. Vowels hit your bowels.

Question 48

HBV lifecycle

Answer 48

enters nucleus –> polymerase completes partial dsDNA –> host RNA polymerase transcribes mRNA from viral DNA to make viral proteins –> DNA polymerase reverse transcribes viral RNA to DNA, which is the genome of the progeny virus.

Question 49

HCV genetics

Answer 49

lacks 3’-5’ exonuclease activity. This is what causes variation in antigenic structures of HCV envelope proteins. Host antibody production lags behind production of new mutants strains of HCV.

Question 50

Common sources of HAV…

Answer 50

1) shellfish
2) travelers
3) day care

Question 51

Hantavirus causes…

Answer 51

hemorrhagic fever + pneumonia