ID 15 Flashcards
Most common infections causing brain abscesses
Viridian’s streptococci + staph aureus
What are multiple brain abscesses indicative of?
Bacteremia
Single brain abscess accompanied by otitis media and mastoiditis?
contiguous spread of infection from temporal lobe and cerebellum.
Single brain abscess accompanied by sinusitis or dental infection?
Contiguous spread from frontal lobe.
osteomyelitis + SCD?
salmonella and *S aureus
osteomyelitis with vertebral involvement?
S aureus + TB (port’s disease)
most common causes of osteomyelitis with IVDU?
Pseudomonas
Candida
S aureus
Approach to osteomyelitis
Remember to consider whether patient is sexually active.
best imaging for osteomyelitis?
MRI
labs with osteomyelitis?
Elevated CRP + ESR common but nonspecific.
UTI in a male think…
Congenital defect or vesioureteral reflex
UTI in elderly male think…
BPH
RF’s for UTI’s in women
Obstruction Kidney surgery Catheterization GU malformation Diabetes Pregnancy
3rd leading cause of UTI?
klebsiella
Klebsiella description
1) large mucoid capsule
2) *viscous colonies
serrate characteristics
1) nosocomial
2) *often drug resistant
What does positive leukocyte esterase indicate?
Evidence of WBC activity.
positive nitrites think…
e coli
vaginosis signs/symptoms
1) no inflammation
2) thin, white discharge with fishy odor
pH in vaginosis
greater than 4.5
pH in vaginitis
greater than 4.5
candida vulvovaginitis signs/symptoms
1) inflammation
2) thick, white cottage cheese discharge)
candida pH
normal (4-4.5)
approach to common vaginal infections
consider inflammation + pH
maternal manifestation of toxoplasma
usually asymptomatic; lymphadenopathy (rarely)
other finding in congenital toxo
blueberry muffin rash
congenital rubella presentation
cataracts
deafness
PDAs
blueberry muffin rash
calcifications in CMV vs. toxo
*intracranial in toxo; periventricular in CMV
CMV presentation in mom
usually asymptomatic; mono-like illness
CMV presentation in newborn
Hearing loss Seizures Petechial rash "blueberry muffin" rash periventricular calcifications
congenital HIV presentation
1) recurrent infections
2) chronic diarrhea
HSV-2 presentation in newborn
1) encephalitis
2) herpetic (vesicular) lesions
What stages of syphilis are likely to result in fetal transmission?
chancre (primary)
disseminated (secondary)
congenital syphilis presentation
Often results in stillbirth; hydrous fetalis.
survives –> notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla, saber shins, deafness
Coxsackie type A presentation
Oval-shaped vesicles on palms and soles; vesicles and ulcers in oral mucosa
roseola presentation
Asymptomatic *rose-colored macules on body after several days of high fever; can present with febrile seizures; usually affects infants.
Disease caused by parvovirus B19
Erythema infectiosum
other name for erythema infectiosum
Fifth disease.
Rubella rash
Pink coalescing macules begin at head and move down –> fine desquamating truncal rash; post auricular lymphadenopathy.
VZV rash pattern
Vesicular rash that begins on trunk; spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different stages.
chancroid associated with…
haemophilus ducreyi
chancroid presentation
painful genital ulcer with exudate, inguinal adenopathy
chlamydia features
urethritis cervicitis epididymitis conjunctivitis reactive arthritis PID
herpes usually caused by
HSV-2
burning on urination…
urethritis (gonorrhea or chlamydia)
gonorrhea presentation
*creamy purulent discharge urethritis cervicitis PID prostatitis epididymitis arthritis
painful lymphadenopathy think…
lymphogranuloma venereum
condylomata lata is…
secondary syphilis
other features of secondary syphilis
fever
lymphadenopathy
staph aureus capsule?
Large polysaccharide capsule
