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STEP > ID 14 > Flashcards

ID 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during the latent phase of HIV infection?

A

Virus replicates in lymph nodes.

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2
Q

Time course of untreated HIV infection

A

1) First couple months = Acute phase – flu-like symptoms. CD4 count drops. Viral load rises. Wide dissemination of virus. Seeding of lymphoid organs.
2) 2 months - 8 years = clinical latency. Feeling fine.
3) Falling t-cell count with constitutional symptoms
4) Final crises – opportunistic diseases (9-10 years).

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3
Q

moderate immunocompromised with AIDS

A

less than 400 CD4+ cells/mm

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4
Q

JC virus on imaging

A

Nonenhancing areas of demyelination on MRI

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5
Q

aspergillus HIV presentation

A

hemoptysis + pleuritic pain

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6
Q

candida presentation in aids patient with T cell count below 100

A

esophagitis

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7
Q

Histoplasma presentation in AIDS patient with T cell count below 100

A

fever, weight loss, fatigue, cough dyspnea, nausea vomiting diarrhea

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8
Q

M avium presentation in AIDs patient with T cell count below 100

A

fever, night sweats, weight loss or focal lymphadenitis

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9
Q

t gondii presentation in AIDs patients

A

brain abscesses

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10
Q

aspergillus findings in AIDs patient

A

cavitation or infiltrates on chest imaging

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11
Q

CNS lymphoma in AIDS patient findings

A

ring enhancing

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12
Q

differentiating CNS lymphoma from toxoplasma

A

CNS lymphoma usually solitary vs. toxoplasma

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13
Q

Histoplasma path finding

A

oval yeast cells within macrophages

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14
Q

variant CJD

A

CJD transmitted through food contaminated by BSE-infected animal products

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15
Q

How do you kill prions?

A

can’t autoclave.

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16
Q

location of s mutans

A

dental plaque

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17
Q

flora of neonates delivered by C-section

A

No flora but are rapidly colonized after birth.

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18
Q

Food poisoning that starts early and ends early?

A

1) s aureus

2) b cereus

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19
Q

c perfringens source

A

reheated meat

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20
Q

salmonella sources

A

poultry
*meat
eggs

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21
Q

s aureus sources

A

*meats
*mayonnaise
custard

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22
Q

campylobacter shape

A

comma or S-shaped

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23
Q

salmonella lactose?

A

negative

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24
Q

c diff GI presentation?

A

watery; occasionally bloody

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25
Q

protozoa causing watery diarrhea?

A

giardia

cryptosporidium

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26
Q

C perfringens diarrhea type

A

watery

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27
Q

viruses diarrhea type

A

watery

28
Q

salmonella diarrhea type

A

bloody

29
Q

EIEC diarrhea type

A

bloody

30
Q

most common causes of pneumonia in neonates (less than 4 weeks old)

A

GBS

e coli

31
Q

most common causes of pneumonia in children (4 week - 18 years)

A

Viruses (RSV)
Mycoplasma
S pneumonia

32
Q

most common causes of pneumonia in adults (18-40)

A

Mycoplasma
C pneumonia
S pneumonia
Viruses (influenza)

33
Q

most common causes of pneumonia in adults (40-65)

A 
S pneumonia
H flu
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
34
Q

most common causes of pneumonia in elderly

A 
S pneumonia
Influenza virus
Anaerobes
H flu
Gram negative rods
35
Q

common causes of pneumonia in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella

*Anaerobes (eg, peptostreptococcus, fusobacterium, prevotella, bacteroides)

36
Q

common causes of pneumonia in IV drug users

A

1) s pneumoniae

2) s aureus

37
Q

most common causes of atypical pneumonia

A

mycoplasma, *legionella, chlamydia

38
Q

common causes of pneumonia in CF

A

pseudomonas

  • s aureus
  • s pneumonia
  • burkholderia cepacia
39
Q

common causes of pneumonia in immunocompromised

A 
*s aureus
enteric gram negative rods
fungi
viruses
P jirovecii with HIV
40
Q

Causes of meningitis in newborns (0-6 months)

A

GBS
E coli
Listeria

41
Q

Causes of meningitis in children (6 mo-6 years)

A

S pneumonia
N meningitides
H flu type B
enteroviruses

42
Q

Causes of meningitis in 6-60 yr

A

S pneumo
N meningitis
enteroviruses
HSV

43
Q

Causes of meningitis in 60+

A

S pneumo
gram negative rods
listeria

44
Q

meningitis managment

A

ceftriaxone and vanco empirically (add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected)

45
Q

Viral causes of meningitis

A 
Enteroviruses (coxsackie)
HSV-*2
HIV
WNV
VZV
46
Q

When is H influenza usually seen?

A

unimmunized children.

47
Q

Differentiating bacterial from fungal/TB meningitis

A

cell type

48
Q

opening pressure in viral meningitis

A

normal or slightly elevated

49
Q

CD4 count with HIV Dementia

A

200

50
Q

CD4 count with Bacillary angiomatosis

A

500

51
Q

CD4 count with JC virus/PML

A

200

52
Q

CD4 count with aspergillus

A

100

53
Q

CD4 count with t gondii

A

100

54
Q

CD4 count with Kaposi sarcoma

A

500

55
Q

CD4 count with Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

200

56
Q

CD4 count with cryptosporidium

A

500

57
Q

CD4 count with Candida

A

500

58
Q

CD4 count with M avium

A

100

59
Q

CD4 count with histoplasma

A

100

60
Q

CD4 count with HPV (squamous cell carcinoma)

A

500

61
Q

CD4 count with cryptococcus

A

100

62
Q

CD4 count with CMV

A

100

63
Q

CD4 count with oral hairy leukoplakia (EBV)

A

500

64
Q

CD4 count with B-cell lymphoma

A

100

65
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in infants - 3 yr?

A

C trachomatis

66
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in school aged children?

A

C pneumonia

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