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STEP > ID 6 > Flashcards

ID 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what does E coli produce?

A

Beta-galactosidase, which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

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2
Q

EMB results..

A

1) lactose fermenters grow as purple/black colonies.

2) e coli grows as a green sheen.

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3
Q

meningococci vs gonococci fermentation

A
  • meningococci ferment maltose and lactose

- gonococci ferment glucose

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4
Q

meningococci vaccine?

A

yes but type B not widely available

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5
Q

other route of infection of gonorrhea? presentation?

A

perinatally (causes neonatal conjunctivitis)

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6
Q

What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis caused by?

A

gonorrhea

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7
Q

other presentation of meningococcemia?

A

gangrene of toes

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8
Q

treatment for gonorrhea conjunctivits?

A

erythromycin to prevent blindness

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9
Q

neisseria treatment?

A

ceftriaxone OR *penicillin G

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10
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A

o Coded character: Chanelle O’conner/seen in women with PID. Ascending, polymicrobial infection of the female genital tract that can involve the endometrium, uterine tube, and/or peritoneal cavity. House is full of adhesions from the roof to a hippo/infection of the liver capsule and “violin string” adhesions of peritoneum to liver. Perihepatitis is a complication that presents with RUQ pain. She’s profusely sweating + has discharge from her vagina/classic triad is fever + abdominal pain + vaginal discharge. Robby Page is licking up the discharge/caused by gonococci.
o Location: Hallweaver’s house on P street.

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11
Q

H flu structure

A

small gram negative coccobacillary rod

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12
Q

h flu transmission

A

aerosols

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13
Q

what are h flu infections usually caused by?

A

nontypeable, unencapsulated strains since the vaccine.

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14
Q

“cherry red epiglottitis” on endoscopy?

A

epiglottitis

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15
Q

treatment for h flu mucosal infections (otitis media, conjunctivitis, bronchitis)?

A

amoxicillin +/- clavulante

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16
Q

treatment for h flu meningitis?

A

ceftriaxone

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17
Q

prophylaxis for h flu meningitis?

A

rifampin

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18
Q

when do you give h flu vaccine?

A

between 2 and 18 months

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19
Q

what does h flu vaccine contain?

A

type b capsular polysaccharide and PRP (polyribosylribitol phosphate)

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20
Q

other pertussis toxin?

A

tracheal cytotoxin

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21
Q

Why is pertussis commonly mistaken for viral infection?

A

Lymphocytic infiltrate resulting from immune response

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22
Q

is legionella infectious?

A

no

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23
Q

common sources of legionella

A

1) AC systems + *hot water tanks

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24
Q

how do you detect legionella?

A

Presence of antigen in urine

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25
Q

legionella treatment

A

macrolide or *quinolone

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26
Q

legionnaires presentation

A

severe pneumonia (unilateral, lobar) + fever + GI + *CNS symptoms

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27
Q

legionnaires common in…

A

smokers + chronic lung disease

28
Q

what is pontiac fever?

A

mild flu like syndrome caused by legionella

29
Q

other pseudomonas toxin

A

phospholipase C (degrades cell membrane)

30
Q

pseudomonas capsule…significance

A

1) mucoid polysaccharide capsule

2) may contribute to chronic pneumonia in CF due to biofilm production

31
Q

pseudomonas treatments

A 
CAMPFIRE
carbapenems
aminoglycosides
monobactams
polymyxins (polymyxin B, colistin)
fluoroquinolone
ThIRd and 4th generation cephalosporins (caftazidime, cefepimp)
Extended-spectrum penicillins (piperacillin, ticarcillin).
32
Q

e coli virulence factor in cystitis and pyelo

A

fimbriae (P-pili)

33
Q

e coli virulence factor in pneumonia and meningitis?

A

K capsule

34
Q

EIEC MOA

A

invades intestinal mucosa and causes necrosis and inflammation

35
Q

EPEC mechanism

A

no toxin produced. adheres to apical surface, flattens villi, preventing absorption

36
Q

EPEC presentation

A

diarrhea in kids (P for pediatrics)

37
Q

common sources of EHEC/O157:H7

A

undercooked meat + *raw leafy vegetables

38
Q

How do you distinguish EHEC from other e coli?

A

Doesn’t ferment sorbitol.

39
Q

other common patient for klebsiella

A
  • diabetics

- abscess in lungs and liver

40
Q

major cause of bloody diarrhea in kids?

A

campylobacter

41
Q

campy animals

A

dogs, cats, pigs

42
Q

shigella reservoir

A

humans only

43
Q

difference between salmonella and shigella in spread

A

salmonella can disseminate hematogenously; shigella cell to cell, no hematogenous spread

44
Q

salmonella type and lab characteristic

A

H2S production

45
Q

Salmonella type virulence factor

A

endotoxin + *Vi capsule

46
Q

salmonella species virulence factor

A

endotoxin

47
Q

shigella virulence factor

A

endotoxin + shiga toxin

48
Q

shigella ID50

A

LOW

49
Q

affect of antibiotics on shigella vs. salmonella

A

With salmonella and salmonella type, antibiotics will prolong duration. Shorten duration with shigella.

50
Q

immune response to s typhi

A

monocytes

51
Q

immune response to salmonella species

A

PMNs in disseminated disease

52
Q

immune response to shigella

A

primarily PMN infiltration

53
Q

GI presentation of S typhi

A

constipation followed by diarrhea

54
Q

GI presentation of Salmonella

A

diarrhea (possibly bloody)

55
Q

S typhi vaccine?

A

1) oral vaccine contains live attenuated S type

2) IM vaccine contains Vi capsular polysaccharide

56
Q

typhoid fever presentation

A

*rose spots on abdomen + constipation + abdominal pain + fever

57
Q

typhoid fever treatment

A

ceftriaxone or fluorquinolone

58
Q

s typhus unique property

A

carrier state with gallbladder colonization

59
Q

Common sources of salmonella

A

poultry, eggs, pets, turtles

60
Q

more common cause of salmonella gastroenteritis

A

non typhoidal salmonella

61
Q

sources of shigella?

A

4 F’s: fingers, flies, food, feces

62
Q

order the severity/toxin production of shigella species

A

s dysenteriae, s flexneri, s boydii, s sonnei

63
Q

What is the key to pathogenicity of shigella species?

A

Invasion; organisms that produce little toxin can cause disease due to invasion.

64
Q

vibrio media?

A

grows in alkaline media

65
Q

vibrio and stomach acidity?

A

acid labile; requires large inoculum unless host has decreased gastric acidity

STEP (85 decks)

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