ID 1 Flashcards
Flagellum composition
proteins
pilus/fimbriae composition
glycoprotein
Which type of bacteria form spores?
Only gram positives.
spore structure
1) keratin-like coat
2) *dipicolinic acid
3) peptidoglycan, DNA
B anthraces capsule
Unique in containing poly-D glutamate
Glycocalyx composition?
Loose network of polysaccharides.
glycocalyx function
Mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces (eg, indwelling catheters)
Which types of bacteria contain an outer membrane?
Gram negative only
porin function?
transport across outer membrane
Outer membrane composition?
Outer leaflet: contains endotoxin (LPS/LOS)
Embedded proteins: porins and other outer membrane proteins (OMPs)
*most OMPs are antigenic
Inner leaflet: phospholipids
What bacteria have a periplasm?
gram-negatives
What is the periplasm?
Space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane (peptidoglycan in middle)
caveat about periplasm
Accumulates components exiting gram negative cells, including hydrolytic enzymes (eg, beta-lactamases)
cell wall composition
peptidoglycan sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by transpeptidase.
Where are penicillin binding proteins?
cytoplasmic membrane
bacillus structure
gram positive rod
RNA sense in viruses concept
/positive sense = viral RNA sequence can be directly translated into viral proteins. Viral RNA can be considered mRNA. ***Thus, these viruses do not need an RNA polymerase packaged into the virion. They hook up to ribosomes, and the reading frame is translated. The ribosome makes a polymerase for them. /negative sense = complementary to viral mRNA, thus positive-sense RNA must be produced by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase prior to translation. These viruses have polymerases in their capsules for this purpose.
Memorize gram positive structure vs. gram negative
FA 108
bacillus structure
gram positive rod
gardnerella structure
gram positive rod
lactobacillus structure
gram positive rod
all mycobacteria are..
gram positive rod
propionibacterium are
gram positive rod
campylobacter
gram negative rod
enterobacter
gram negative rod
helicobacter
gram negative rod
klebsiella
gram negative rod
proteus
gram negative rod
pseudomonas
gram negative rod
salmonella
gram negative rod
serratia
gram negative rod
shigella
gram negative rod
vibrio
gram negative rod
yersinia structure
gram negative rod
bordetella
gram negative rod
burkholderia
gram negative rod
what system does burkholderia affect?
respiratory pathogen
legionella
gram negative rod
bartonella
gram negative rod
brucella
gram negative rod
francisella
gram negative rod
pasteurella
gram negative rod
pleomorphic bacteria
1) chlamydiae
2) rickettsiae
chlamydia stain?
giemsa
borrelia stain
giemsa
bacteria without cell walls
1) mycoplasma
2) ureaplasma
Bacteria you can’t gram stain? why?
mycoplasma or ureaplasma since cell walls contain sterols rather than peptidoglycan, which don’t stain
what do gram positives retain with staining?
crystal violet
bugs that don’t stain well…
These Microbes May Lack Real Color Treponema, leptospira Mycobacteria Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma Legionella Rickettsia Chlamydia Bartonella Ehrlichia Anaplasma
Why can’t you stain spirochetes?
too thin
