ID 1

Question 1

Flagellum composition

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

pilus/fimbriae composition

Answer 2

glycoprotein

Question 3

Which type of bacteria form spores?

Answer 3

Only gram positives.

Question 4

spore structure

Answer 4

1) keratin-like coat
2) *dipicolinic acid
3) peptidoglycan, DNA

Question 5

B anthraces capsule

Answer 5

Unique in containing poly-D glutamate

Question 6

Glycocalyx composition?

Answer 6

Loose network of polysaccharides.

Question 7

glycocalyx function

Answer 7

Mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces (eg, indwelling catheters)

Question 8

Which types of bacteria contain an outer membrane?

Answer 8

Gram negative only

Question 9

porin function?

Answer 9

transport across outer membrane

Question 10

Outer membrane composition?

Answer 10

Outer leaflet: contains endotoxin (LPS/LOS)
Embedded proteins: porins and other outer membrane proteins (OMPs)
*most OMPs are antigenic
Inner leaflet: phospholipids

Question 11

What bacteria have a periplasm?

Answer 11

gram-negatives

Question 12

What is the periplasm?

Answer 12

Space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane (peptidoglycan in middle)

Question 13

caveat about periplasm

Answer 13

Accumulates components exiting gram negative cells, including hydrolytic enzymes (eg, beta-lactamases)

Question 14

cell wall composition

Answer 14

peptidoglycan sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by transpeptidase.

Question 15

Where are penicillin binding proteins?

Answer 15

cytoplasmic membrane

Question 16

bacillus structure

Answer 16

gram positive rod

Question 17

RNA sense in viruses concept

Answer 17

/positive sense = viral RNA sequence can be directly translated into viral proteins. Viral RNA can be considered mRNA. ***Thus, these viruses do not need an RNA polymerase packaged into the virion. They hook up to ribosomes, and the reading frame is translated. The ribosome makes a polymerase for them. /negative sense = complementary to viral mRNA, thus positive-sense RNA must be produced by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase prior to translation. These viruses have polymerases in their capsules for this purpose.

Question 18

Memorize gram positive structure vs. gram negative

Answer 18

FA 108

Question 19

bacillus structure

Answer 19

gram positive rod

Question 20

gardnerella structure

Answer 20

gram positive rod

Question 21

lactobacillus structure

Answer 21

gram positive rod

Question 22

all mycobacteria are..

Answer 22

gram positive rod

Question 23

propionibacterium are

Answer 23

gram positive rod

Question 24

campylobacter

Answer 24

gram negative rod

Question 25

enterobacter

Answer 25

gram negative rod

Question 26

helicobacter

Answer 26

gram negative rod

Question 27

klebsiella

Answer 27

gram negative rod

Question 28

proteus

Answer 28

gram negative rod

Question 29

pseudomonas

Answer 29

gram negative rod

Question 30

salmonella

Answer 30

gram negative rod

Question 31

serratia

Answer 31

gram negative rod

Question 32

shigella

Answer 32

gram negative rod

Question 33

vibrio

Answer 33

gram negative rod

Question 34

yersinia structure

Answer 34

gram negative rod

Question 35

bordetella

Answer 35

gram negative rod

Question 36

burkholderia

Answer 36

gram negative rod

Question 37

what system does burkholderia affect?

Answer 37

respiratory pathogen

Question 38

legionella

Answer 38

gram negative rod

Question 39

bartonella

Answer 39

gram negative rod

Question 40

brucella

Answer 40

gram negative rod

Question 41

francisella

Answer 41

gram negative rod

Question 42

pasteurella

Answer 42

gram negative rod

Question 43

pleomorphic bacteria

Answer 43

1) chlamydiae | 2) rickettsiae

Question 44

chlamydia stain?

Answer 44

giemsa

Question 45

borrelia stain

Answer 45

giemsa

Question 46

bacteria without cell walls

Answer 46

1) mycoplasma | 2) ureaplasma

Question 47

Bacteria you can't gram stain? why?

Answer 47

mycoplasma or ureaplasma since cell walls contain sterols rather than peptidoglycan, which don't stain

Question 48

what do gram positives retain with staining?

Answer 48

crystal violet

Question 49

bugs that don't stain well...

Answer 49

``` These Microbes May Lack Real Color Treponema, leptospira Mycobacteria Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma Legionella Rickettsia Chlamydia Bartonella Ehrlichia Anaplasma ```

Question 50

Why can't you stain spirochetes?

Answer 50

too thin