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STEP > ID 1 > Flashcards

ID 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Flagellum composition

A

proteins

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2
Q

pilus/fimbriae composition

A

glycoprotein

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3
Q

Which type of bacteria form spores?

A

Only gram positives.

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4
Q

spore structure

A

1) keratin-like coat
2) *dipicolinic acid
3) peptidoglycan, DNA

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5
Q

B anthraces capsule

A

Unique in containing poly-D glutamate

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6
Q

Glycocalyx composition?

A

Loose network of polysaccharides.

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7
Q

glycocalyx function

A

Mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces (eg, indwelling catheters)

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8
Q

Which types of bacteria contain an outer membrane?

A

Gram negative only

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9
Q

porin function?

A

transport across outer membrane

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10
Q

Outer membrane composition?

A

Outer leaflet: contains endotoxin (LPS/LOS)
Embedded proteins: porins and other outer membrane proteins (OMPs)
*most OMPs are antigenic
Inner leaflet: phospholipids

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11
Q

What bacteria have a periplasm?

A

gram-negatives

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12
Q

What is the periplasm?

A

Space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane (peptidoglycan in middle)

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13
Q

caveat about periplasm

A

Accumulates components exiting gram negative cells, including hydrolytic enzymes (eg, beta-lactamases)

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14
Q

cell wall composition

A

peptidoglycan sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by transpeptidase.

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15
Q

Where are penicillin binding proteins?

A

cytoplasmic membrane

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16
Q

bacillus structure

A

gram positive rod

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17
Q

RNA sense in viruses concept

A

/positive sense = viral RNA sequence can be directly translated into viral proteins. Viral RNA can be considered mRNA. ***Thus, these viruses do not need an RNA polymerase packaged into the virion. They hook up to ribosomes, and the reading frame is translated. The ribosome makes a polymerase for them. /negative sense = complementary to viral mRNA, thus positive-sense RNA must be produced by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase prior to translation. These viruses have polymerases in their capsules for this purpose.

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18
Q

Memorize gram positive structure vs. gram negative

A

FA 108

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19
Q

bacillus structure

A

gram positive rod

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20
Q

gardnerella structure

A

gram positive rod

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21
Q

lactobacillus structure

A

gram positive rod

22
Q

all mycobacteria are..

A

gram positive rod

23
Q

propionibacterium are

A

gram positive rod

24
Q

campylobacter

A

gram negative rod

25
Q

enterobacter

A

gram negative rod

26
Q

helicobacter

A

gram negative rod

27
Q

klebsiella

A

gram negative rod

28
Q

proteus

A

gram negative rod

29
Q

pseudomonas

A

gram negative rod

30
Q

salmonella

A

gram negative rod

31
Q

serratia

A

gram negative rod

32
Q

shigella

A

gram negative rod

33
Q

vibrio

A

gram negative rod

34
Q

yersinia structure

A

gram negative rod

35
Q

bordetella

A

gram negative rod

36
Q

burkholderia

A

gram negative rod

37
Q

what system does burkholderia affect?

A

respiratory pathogen

38
Q

legionella

A

gram negative rod

39
Q

bartonella

A

gram negative rod

40
Q

brucella

A

gram negative rod

41
Q

francisella

A

gram negative rod

42
Q

pasteurella

A

gram negative rod

43
Q

pleomorphic bacteria

A

1) chlamydiae

2) rickettsiae

44
Q

chlamydia stain?

45
Q

borrelia stain

46
Q

bacteria without cell walls

A

1) mycoplasma

2) ureaplasma

47
Q

Bacteria you can’t gram stain? why?

A

mycoplasma or ureaplasma since cell walls contain sterols rather than peptidoglycan, which don’t stain

48
Q

what do gram positives retain with staining?

A

crystal violet

49
Q

bugs that don’t stain well…

A 
These Microbes May Lack Real Color
Treponema, leptospira
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma
Legionella
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Bartonella
Ehrlichia
Anaplasma
50
Q

Why can’t you stain spirochetes?

STEP (85 decks)

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