nervous system - SB2 Flashcards
What is a neuron?
A specialized cell of the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses. It consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon
what is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord. It coordinates and controls the activities of the body
what is the sensory neuron?
A type of neuron that carries nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. It helps in sensing and perceiving the environment
what is the Motor Neuron
A type of neuron that carries nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. It controls and coordinates muscle movements and glandular secretions
what is the Reflex Arc
The pathway followed by nerve impulses in a reflex action. It involves sensory neurons, interneurons in the spinal cord, and motor neurons, allowing for a rapid response to stimuli
what is the Synapse
The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell. It allows for the transmission of nerve impulses by chemical neurotransmitters
what is the Neurotransmitter
A chemical substance released by neurons at the synapse. It transmits signals across the gaps between neurons and helps in the communication within the nervous system.
what is the Myelin Sheath
A fatty layer that surrounds and insulates axons of neurons. It speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses along the axon.
what is a reflex
An involuntary and rapid response to a stimulus. It is typically controlled by the spinal cord without involving the brain and helps protect the body from harm.
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system is a complex network of specialized cells, tissues, and organs that coordinate and control the activities of the body.
What are the two main components of the nervous system?
The two main components of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What are the three main types of neurons?
The three main types of neurons are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons
What is the function of sensory neurons?
Sensory neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. They detect stimuli such as light, sound, touch, and temperature
What is the function of motor neurons?
Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands, causing them to respond. They control voluntary and involuntary movements
What is the function of interneurons?
Interneurons are located within the central nervous system and facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons. They process and interpret information
