menstrual cycle - SB7

Question 1

what is the male reproductive hormone?

what + where produced?

Answer 1

testosterone - testes

Question 2

what is the female reprodctive hormone?

what + where produced?

Answer 2

oestrogen - in ovaries

Question 3

what is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 3

the monlthy release of an egg from the women’s ovaries and the effects this has on the uterus

Question 4

what is stage 1 of menstrual cycle? (and how many days)

Answer 4

day 1-5 the lining of the uterus breaks down

Question 5

what is stage 2 of menstrual cycle? (and how many days)

Answer 5

day 5-14 lining of uterus builds up

Question 6

what is stage 2 of menstrual cycle? (and how many days)

Answer 6

day 14 - 28 - the uterus lining is maintained

Question 7

what is signifcant about day 14 in the menstrual cycle?

+ what is it’s technical name?

Answer 7

the egg is released - this is ovulation

Question 8

what 4 hormones control the mentsrual cycle?

Answer 8

FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone

Question 9

what is the role of oestrogen in menstrual cycle?

Answer 9

thicken/grow/repair the uterus lining

Question 10

what is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 10

maintain uterus lining

Question 11

what hormones do the ovaries release?

Answer 11

progesterone + eostrogen

Question 12

what menstrual hormones are released from the pituitary gland?

Answer 12

LH + FSH

Question 13

what is the release of LH + FSH controlled by?

Answer 13

concentration of oestrogen + progesterone

Question 14

what is the cycle of hormone interaction during the menstrual cycle

what happens and when during the cycle

Answer 14

1. Low levels of progesterone allow FSH to be released (during break down of lining, day 1-5)
2. FSH stimulates growth + maturing of egg folicule (day 5-10)
3. Maturing stimulates oestrogen production (day 10-14)
4. High levels of oestrogen stimulate release of LH - LH triggers ovulation (day 14 - ovulation period)
5. Corpus lutem (dying egg) releases progesterone (day 14-22)
6. Increasing progesterone levels inhibit FSH and LH release (day 22-28
7. Falling oestrogen + progesterone triggers menstruation (day 28)

Question 15

what is the role of LH in menstrual cycle?

Answer 15

stimulate release of egg folicule

Question 16

what is the role of FSH in menstrual cycle

Answer 16

stimulate folicules in the ovary to grow and prepare for ovulation (release of egg)

Question 17

which hormones help trigger ovulation?

Answer 17

LH + oestrogen

Question 18

which hormones help trigger menstruation?

Answer 18

(fall of) oestrogen + progesterone

Question 19

what hormonal contraception can you take?

+ how does it work

Answer 19

progesterone hormone pills on their own or with oestrogen pills - prevents fall of those 2 hormones that trigger menstruation and so no period happens

Question 20

what types of conraception are there?

Answer 20

condom, diaphragm or cap, hormone pill/ under-skin implant

Question 21

what contraceptive has the highest sucess rate

Answer 21

hormone pill

Question 22

what is the definition of contraception?

Answer 22

prevention of fertilisation

Question 23

what can infertile women go through to increase chance of pregnancy?

Answer 23

Asssited Reproductive Technology (ART) or IVF (In Virto Fertilisation)

Question 24

what is used in ART to increase chance of pregnancy?

Answer 24

hormones

Question 25

what happens in IVF?

Answer 25

1. egg folicue maturation is stimulated by hormones
2. egg cell is released and taken from ovaries
3. sperm cells taken and put in dish with egg
4. fertilisation occurs
5. one or 2 healthy embryos are placed back into uterus

Question 26

what is clomifene therapy?

Answer 26

a drug that helps to increase concentration of FSH and LH in the blood

Question 27

when is clomifene therapy used?

Answer 27

for women who rarely/never release an egg cell during menstrual cycle