Enzymes - SB1 Flashcards
What are enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts
what are enzymes purpose?
they speed up chemical reactions within the body
how do they aid you within digestion
enzymes break down your food to allow you to process nutrients
what are the 4 types of enzymes?
amylase, catalase, starch synthase, DNA polymerase
where are amylases found?
saliva and small intestine
what product is broken down by amylase + what does it break down into?
they break down starch into sugars (such as maltose)
where are catalases found?
most cells but especially liver cells
what do catalases break down + what do they turn into?
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water + oxygen
what do starch synthases break down and into what?
glucose -> synthesis of starch
where are DNA polymerases found?
in the nucleus
what do DNA polymerase break down + turn into?
monomer -> synthesis of DNA
what food molecule is an enzyme
protein
how many substrates (molecules that the enzyme reacts with) are enzymes specific to?
only 1
what is the product in a reaction where polymer is the substrate (enzyme acting as catalyst), starch is the staring molecule, and amylase beaks it down
glucose
what 3 letters do enzymes usually end with?
-ase
list 3 enzymes
lactase maltase, cellulase, lipase, amylase, protease
if the substrate is lactose, what is the product?
glucose + galactose
if the substrate is maltose, what is the enzyme
maltase
where are starch synthases found?
plants
if the product is glucose what is the choice of substrate
maltose + cellulose
if the substrate is lipid, name the enzyme and product
glycerol + fatty acid
if the enzyme is amylase, what is the substrate?
starch
if the product is peptides + polypeptides what is the enzyme?
protease
what do synthetase enzymes create?
new molecules
What experiment can be done to how the PH of enzymes?
the banana test
what does the banana test aim to show?
To see the amount of glucose sugars reduced in a substance, to see the reaction of enzymes in banana
what does a lock and key diagram show?
how the substrate works with the enzyme
what is the active site?
part of the enzyme where the substrate fits into at the start of the reaction
what does de-natured mean?
when the enzyme’s active site shape has been changed either to pH or temp. so the substrate can’t fit anymore
