march 5 Flashcards
where are the calcifications found in congenital CMV?
periventricular
where are the calcifications found in congenital toxoplasmosis?
in the parychema
Management of baby with congenital CMV?
antiviral therapy - can preserve their hearing
INITIAL treatment of symptomatic hypernatremic hypovolemia?
0.9% saline to restore circulating volume
can you provide hyponatremic saline to correct the dehydration in symptomatic hyponatremic hypovolemia?
no - not as emergency fluid rescuscitation - risk of neurological damage - correct volume first with normal saline and then Na levels later
treamtne of Asymptomatic hypernatremic hypovolemia?
hypotonic solution
what type of solution is 5% dextrose?
hyptonic saline
most common cause of epididymitis in a 50 year old male?
E coli
what acid base disturance does iron overdose cause?
anion gap metabolic acidosis
treamtent of iron poisoning?
-aggressive fluid resuscitation and deferoxamine
what neurological symptom may be caused by metronidazole ?
distal, symmetric polyneuropathy
how to treat apnea of prematurity?
caffeine and non invasive ventilation
when to treat apnea of prematurity?
if spells are recurrent, prolonged, or associated with bradycardia or hypoxia (may cause damage to watershed areas of brain)
serious complication of acute altitude sickness?
high altitude cerebral edema
treatment of HACE (high altitude cerebral edema)
dexamethasone and decent
findings in necrotizing otitis externa?
SEVERE pain and granulation tissue
severe leg pain and mottled skin may be a symptom of which infection?
meningococcal meningitis
eye findings in infant botulism?
- impaired pupil constriction
- ptosis
are the stools in CMV colitis bloody or nonbloody?
bloody and low volume
what are the guideliens for accepting gifts from industries such as a pharma company?
they must be low monetary value and have DIRECT benefit for patients
what is glipizide?
sulfonylurea
what is sitagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor
how can you test for hereditary spherocytosis?
- osmotic fragility testing using acidified glycerol lysis test
- Eosin-5-malemide binding test
inheritance of hereditary spherocytosis
AD
xray findings of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?
diffuse reticulonodular (groundglass) appear
xray findings in baby with bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
coarse lung markings with cystic changes
neonatal with xray showing patchy bilateral infiltrates and lung hyperinflation =
meconium aspiration syndrome
xerosis =
dry skin
what is pseudoachalasia?
narrowing of the distal esophagus NOT due to dernerving
why may a patient with sepsis get hypoglycemia?
-cytokines promote increased glucose use by tissues
patients with a chronic hemolytic disease (sickle cell) are at risk for which vitamin deficiency?
Folate deficiency - due to elevated reticulocyte production
management of first degree asymptomatic heart block?
observation
management of second degree Mobitz type I heart block?
observation
management of second degree Mobitz type II heart block?
permanent pacemaker placement
management of third degree heart block?
permanent pacemaker placement
most common brain tumour in children?
low-grade astrocytoma
onset of a low-grade astrocytoma?
develops over many months
appearance of a craniopharygeoma on imaging?
- found in sella turcica
- cystic with calcifications
most common location for an ependymoma?
fourth ventricle (posterior fossa)
location of medulloblastoma?
usually from the cerebellar vermis - posterior fossa
presentation of medulloblastoma?
ataxia - due to involvement of cerebellum
management of ascites from liver cirhosis?
give furosemide + spironolactone (dont give furosemide alone - not that effective)
