april 12 Flashcards
Low magnesium results in excessive loss of…
potassium
intracellular magnesium in the kidney inhibits the secretion of…
potassium
long QT and sensorineural deafness =
Jervell & Lange-Nielson syndrome
what can trigger torsades de points in someone wiht long QT syndrome?
increased sympathetic activity / rapid heart rate (exercise)
what drug can be given to prevent torsades de pointes in someone with long QT sydnrome?
non-selective beta blockers (dampen sympathetic activity and short the QT interval)
at what level is elevated K a hyperkalemic emergency?
> 6.5
if patient has hyperkalemic emergency (>6.5) how should you treat them?
calcium gluconate
if a patient has CKD and hyperkalemia (but not hyperkalemic emergency), what drug can you give them to decrease K?
patiromer
MOA of patiromer
binds K in the colon preventing reabsorption
A joint is inflamed and XRAY shows chondrocalcinosis… diagnosis?
pseudogout
Chondrocalcinosis is characteristic of..
pseudogout
most common cause of death in the setting of ACUTE MI?
ventricular arythmia
what is the most commonly etiology of ventricular arythmia int he setting of ACUTE MI?
reentrant ventricular arythmia
enveloped shaped calcium oxalate crystals are seen in which type of poisoning?
ethylene glycol
what drugs can increase the appetite of a patient with cancer?
- progesterone analogues (megestrol acetate)
- steroids
In a patient wiht cancer and loss of appetite, with a longer life expectancy, do you give progesterone analogues or steroids?
progesterone analogues (less SE)
symptoms of milk-alkali syndrome?
- nausea, vomiting, constipation
- polyuria, polydipsia
- neuropsychiatric symptoms
labfindings of milk alkali syndrome?
- hypercalcemia
- metabolic alkalosis
- acute kidney injury
- suppressed PTH
what drugs can increase risk of milk alkali syndrome?
- calcium carbonate
- ACEi, thiazides, NSAIDs
why does AKI occur in milk alkali syndrome?
hypercalcemia causes renal vasoconstriction and also inhibits Na-K-2Cl transporter
which renal transporter is inhibited in milk alkali syndrome and what are the consequences?
Na-K-2Cl -> water and sodium losss
MRI findings in transverse myelitis?
T2 hyperintensity
treatment of transverse myelitis?
high dose IV glucocorticoids
plasmapheresis
transverse myelitis often follows…
a recent infection
clinical features of rocky mountain spotted fever?
- fever, myalgias, headache, arthralgia
- macular/petechial rash on wrists/ankles
complications of rocky mountain spotted fever?
encephalitis, pulmonary edema, bleeding, shock
laboratory findings in rocky mountain spotted fever?
low platelets,
low sodium,
increased AST/ALT
treatment of rocky mountain spotted fever?
doxycycline
In a patient wiht a likely PE with no contraindications for anticoagulation, shoudl you do CT angiography first or provide anticoags?
anticoags before CT angiography
