march 1 Flashcards
what is plan B ?
levonogorgestrel
how does the levonogorgestrel (plan B) pill work?
high dose progesterone -> prevents LH surge and thus prevents ovulation
a herald patch is associated with which skin condition?
pityriasis rosea
management of pityriasis rosea?
Self-limited -> reassurance
antihistamines if patient has itching
what is a joint complication of hemophilia A and B?
hemophilic arthropathy
path of hemophilic arthropathy
Hemosiderin deposition (from bleeding into the joint) causes joint inflammation, which leads to fibrosis and destruction of cartilage and bone
A patient has a previous episode of untreated acute rheumatic fever and now has rheumatic heart disease …. do you treat them?
Yes - penicillin
diagnosis of amyloidosis?
fat pad biopsy (shows amyloid)
what are the language milestones of a 2 year old?
- know at least 50 words
- 2 word phrases
which patients should be referred for carotid endarterectomy?
patients with symptoms and high grade carotid stenosis (>70%)
why is a standard pulse ox not reliable to determine carbon monoxide poisoning?
it cant tell the difference between caryboxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin
do children with Hep A have jaundice?
not usually
hypercalcemia may occur secondarily to…
malignancy
why are bisphosphonates useful in bone metastasis?
they inhibit osteoclasts and stabilize destructive bony tumours, reducing the risk of pathologic fracture and malignant hypercalcemia
Distortion of straight lines is an early sign of…
macular degeneration
what is the name of the test that screens for macular degeneration?
the grid test (straight lines will appear wavy)
whats the name of the commonly found lesion in macular degeneartion?
drusen deposits
what changes occur in the esophagus in systemic sclerosis?
muscle atrophy and fibrosis
GBS CSF findings - protein ?
increased
GBS CSF findings - WBCs?
normal
GBS CSF findings - RBCs?
normal
GBS CSF findings - glucose?
normal
where do most DVTs occur?
distal leg/calf veins
what is the most common origin location of a DVT that EMBOLIZES to the lung?
proximal/thigh DVTs (>90% of PEs)
what is ‘lone atrial fibrillation?’
atrial fibrillation that occurs without evidence of cardiopulmonary or structural heart disease
do patients with ‘lone AF’ need anticoagulation?
NO - no therapy needed - they have a CHASVAS score of 0
clinical presentation of behcet disease?
recurrent genital and oral ulcers that are painful, may occur with uveitis
presentation of disseminated gonoccocal disease?
- purulent arthritis
- or triad of: tenosynovitis, dermatitis, polyarthralgia
what is felty syndrome?
rheumatoid arthritis with neutropenia and splenomegaly
difference between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion?
acute otitis media has inflammation (fever, TM bulging) whereas otitis media does not
what is the most common vaginal foreign body in a prepubescent girl?
toilet paper
Investigation when there is suspicion of a vaginal foreign body in a prepubescent girl?
external pelvic exam or child in knee-to-chest position
vaginal foreign body in a prepubescent girl that is EASILY visualized- next step?
attempt at removal (with topical anesthetic) with warm fluid irrigation or a swab
vaginal foreign body in a prepubescent girl - where clinical evaluation of the foreign body is not adequate- next step?
foreign body removal under sedation or genearl anesthesia
a patient tests positive for gonorrhe and negative for chlamydia - treatment?
ceftriaxone + azithromycin
why must you give ceftriaxone + azithromycin for gonorrhea when theres NO chlamydia?
increased resistance rates
when does jaundice peak with hep A?
2 weeks in
how may a baby get botulinism thats NOT from food?
from inhaled botulism spores from environmental dust
symptoms of digoxin toxicity?
GI: nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain
Neuro: fatigue, confusion, weakness, color vision alterations
what channel in the heart may TCAs block?
fast sodium channels -> conduction abnormalities
when does a patient with a TCA overdose need sodium bicarb?
if QRS >100
whats a normal QRS length?
80-100 ms
