april 27 Flashcards
An infection in the retropharyngeal space will drain…
inferiorly to the mediastinum
presentation of acute necrotizing mediastinitis?
- fever
- chest pain
- dyspnea
- odynophagia
blepharospasm =
inability to open the eyelid
the effect of an acid burn in the eye?
leads to coagulation necrosis -> eschar
the effect of an alkali burn in the eye?
leads to liquefactive necrosis -> deeper penetration of tissues and more severe injury
what is sialadenosis?
-Benign, noninflammatory swelling of the salivary glands
what causes sialadenosis?
overaccumulation of secretory granules in acinar cells
who gest sialadenosis?
those with chronic alcohol use, bulimia, malnutrition, diabetes and those with liver disease
bilaterally enlarged parotid glands in a chronic alcoholic =
sialadenosis
Risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
older age, tobacco, alcohol exposure, poor dentition, HPV
what is lemierre syndrome?
life-threatening deep neck infection that leads to suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein
what pathogen causes lemierre syndrome?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
when does post op endopthalmitis usually occur?
within 6 weeks of surgery
what is endopthalmitis?
bacterial or fungal infection of the eye - particularly the vitreous
presentation of endopthalmitis?
- pain
- decreased visual acuity
- swollen eyelids and conjunctiva
- hypopon
- corneal edema and inflammation
treatment of post-op endopthalmitis?
- Intravitreal antibiotic injection
- vitrectomy
is vision effected in conjunctivits?
no
can you treat an expanding neck hematoma conservatively?
NO - life threatening, may compress the airway
treatment of expanding neck hematoma?
immediate evacuation of the hematoma - cut it open, let it drain, find the bleeeder and stop it
-also assess patients area for edema/need for intubatino
In a patient with respiratory deterioration and a failed attempt at video guided endotracheal intubation, whats the next step?
surgical cricothyrotomy
if there is a failed attempt at non-video guided endotracheal intubation, whats the next step?
video guided -> if fails, cricothyrotomy
clinical features of an open globe injury?
- gush of fluid
- eccentric or teardrop pupil
- decreased visual acuity
- relevant afferent pupillary defect
- decreased intraocular pressure
