april 27

Question 1

An infection in the retropharyngeal space will drain…

Answer 1

inferiorly to the mediastinum

Question 2

presentation of acute necrotizing mediastinitis?

Answer 2

• fever
• chest pain
• dyspnea
• odynophagia

Question 3

blepharospasm =

Answer 3

inability to open the eyelid

Question 4

the effect of an acid burn in the eye?

Answer 4

leads to coagulation necrosis -> eschar

Question 5

the effect of an alkali burn in the eye?

Answer 5

leads to liquefactive necrosis -> deeper penetration of tissues and more severe injury

Question 6

what is sialadenosis?

Answer 6

-Benign, noninflammatory swelling of the salivary glands

Question 7

what causes sialadenosis?

Answer 7

overaccumulation of secretory granules in acinar cells

Question 8

who gest sialadenosis?

Answer 8

those with chronic alcohol use, bulimia, malnutrition, diabetes and those with liver disease

Question 9

bilaterally enlarged parotid glands in a chronic alcoholic =

Answer 9

sialadenosis

Question 10

Risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 10

older age, tobacco, alcohol exposure, poor dentition, HPV

Question 11

what is lemierre syndrome?

Answer 11

life-threatening deep neck infection that leads to suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein

Question 12

what pathogen causes lemierre syndrome?

Answer 12

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 13

when does post op endopthalmitis usually occur?

Answer 13

within 6 weeks of surgery

Question 14

what is endopthalmitis?

Answer 14

bacterial or fungal infection of the eye - particularly the vitreous

Question 15

presentation of endopthalmitis?

Answer 15

• pain
• decreased visual acuity
• swollen eyelids and conjunctiva
• hypopon
• corneal edema and inflammation

Question 16

treatment of post-op endopthalmitis?

Answer 16

• Intravitreal antibiotic injection

- vitrectomy

Question 17

is vision effected in conjunctivits?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

can you treat an expanding neck hematoma conservatively?

Answer 18

NO - life threatening, may compress the airway

Question 19

treatment of expanding neck hematoma?

Answer 19

immediate evacuation of the hematoma - cut it open, let it drain, find the bleeeder and stop it
-also assess patients area for edema/need for intubatino

Question 20

In a patient with respiratory deterioration and a failed attempt at video guided endotracheal intubation, whats the next step?

Answer 20

surgical cricothyrotomy

Question 21

if there is a failed attempt at non-video guided endotracheal intubation, whats the next step?

Answer 21

video guided -> if fails, cricothyrotomy

Question 22

clinical features of an open globe injury?

Answer 22

• gush of fluid
• eccentric or teardrop pupil
• decreased visual acuity
• relevant afferent pupillary defect
• decreased intraocular pressure