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step 2 uworld > mar 7 > Flashcards

mar 7 Flashcards

1
Q

how to investigate for urethral trauma?

A

retrograde urethrography

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2
Q

how does retrograde urethrography work

A

xray of the urethral tract following injection with radioopaque contract. Extravasation of contrast indicates urethral injury

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3
Q

should you catheterize a potential urethral trauma?

A

no - not until retrograde urethrography is performed to make sure theres not an injury (catheter can worsen injury)

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4
Q

biphasic stridor that improves with neck extension =

A

vascular ring

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5
Q

worsening biphasic stridor with skin hemangiomas =

A

airway hemangioma

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6
Q

empiric antibiotics for osteomyelitis in a healthy child?

A

Staph aureus coverage needed so either:

  • nafcillin or oxacillin (low chance of MRSA)
  • clindamycin or vancomycin (high change or MRSA)
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7
Q

empiric antibiotics for osteomyelitis in a child with sickle cell?

A

Add third gen cephalosporin to cover salmonella

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8
Q

what is radiculopathy?

A

irritation of a nerve as it leaves the spinal canal

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9
Q

manifestations of cervical radiculopathy?

A
  • pain in the neck and upper extremity

- sensory and motor deficits and diminished reflexes

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10
Q

which exam finding is diagnositc for cervical radiculopathy?

A

improvement of symptoms when the hand is placed on top of the head (shoulder abudction reduces tension on the impinged nerve root)

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11
Q

how does raising the arm effect symptoms in thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

worsens them

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12
Q

how can you treat a disabling strawberry hemangioma?

A

beta blockers

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13
Q

what is selegiline?

A

MOA-B inhibitor

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14
Q

prevention of gonorrheal conjunctivits in a neonate?

A

topical erythromycin

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15
Q

treatment of gonorrheal conjunctivitis in a neonate?

A

single IM dose of 3rd gen cephalosporin

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16
Q

how does low albumin affect calcium levels?

A

low albumin = low total calcium (but not active calcium levels)

17
Q

can you give a live attenuated vaccine to a patient with SCID?

A

No - can cause severe disease

18
Q

Symptoms of theophyline toxicity?

A 
CNS stimulation (headaches, insomnia, seizures)
GI disturbance (nausea, vomiting)
Cardiac toxicity (arythmia)
19
Q

theophyline has a ____ therapeutic index

A

narrow

20
Q

Why are cystic fibrosis patients predisopsed to higher rates of heat exhaustion?

A

greater losses of sodium and chloride in sweat

21
Q

what should be done in a patient with recurrent tinea infection?

A

thorough skin inspection for other sites of infection that werent treated -> reexposure

22
Q

A soft S2 is characteristic of…

A

aortic stenosis

23
Q

vestibular neuritis often follows…

A

a viral syndrome

24
Q

episodes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are triggered by…

A

head movements

25
Q

Facial characteristics in fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

small palpebral fissues
smooth philtrum
thin vermillion border

26
Q

is trigeminal neuralgia usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

unilateral

27
Q

if a patient presents with bilateral trigeminal neuralgia, this may be the initial presentation of…

A

MS

28
Q

How can you protect the sexual partner of a patient who has just been diagnosed with hep A?

A

Postexposure prophylaxis with the Hep A vaccine or hep A immunoglobulin

29
Q

For prophylaxis after contact, which patients should receive the hep A vaccine?

A

those <40

30
Q

For prophylaxis after contact, which patients should receive the hep A immunoglobulin?

A

those >40

31
Q

is there muscle pain in polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

yes

32
Q

treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

rapid response to glucocorticoids

33
Q

does glucocorticoid induced myopathy cause muscle pain?

A

NO - just weakness

34
Q

ESR in glucocorticoid induced myopathy ?

A

normal

35
Q

ESR in polymyalgia rheumatica?

A

elevated

36
Q

in heart failure, hyponatremia is a sign of…

A

severity/poor prognosis

37
Q

how can a severe asthma attack/COPD exacerbation lead to pulsus paradoxicus

A
  • during these exacerbations, the drop in intrathoracic pressure increases greatly with inspiration, and causes pooling of blood in the pulmonary vascular -> decreased left ventricular preload
  • also the marked expansion of the lungs can impinge on the contraction of the heart

step 2 uworld (57 decks)

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