april 21

Question 1

topical/systemic glucocorticoids may raise…

Answer 1

intraocular pressure -> open angle glaucoma

Question 2

Patients with steroid induced glaucoma may present with..

Answer 2

central blurriness due to edema of the cornea

Question 3

what is acalculous cholecystitis?

Answer 3

acute inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones

Question 4

who more commonly gets acalculous cholecystitis?

Answer 4

hospitalized patients who are critically ill - esp with recent surgery/severe trauma/prolonged fasting, etc.

Question 5

acute cholecystitis is caused by…

Answer 5

obstruction leading to infection

Question 6

may a patient with acalculous cholecystitis have a normal alk phos?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

may a patient with acute cholecystitis have a normla alk phos?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

how does the leg appear in a patient with posterior hip dislocation?

Answer 8

shortened and internally rotated - often held in flexion and adduction

Question 9

how does the leg appear in a patient with femoral neck fracture?

Answer 9

shortened and externally rotated

Question 10

the patellar tendon is actually a

Answer 10

ligament

Question 11

inheritance of otosclerosis?

Answer 11

autosomal dominant w incomplete penetrance

Question 12

presentation of otosclerosis?

Answer 12

-progressive conductive hearing loss
-paradoxical improvement of hearing in noising envionrments
+- reddish hue behind the tympanic membrane

Question 13

management of otosclerosis?

Answer 13

• amplification (hearing aids)

- surgery (stapes reconstruction)

Question 14

path of otosclerosis?

Answer 14

imbalance of bone resorption and growth -> stiffness and fixation of the ossicle chain (primarily the stapes)

Question 15

pancreatic exocrine fluid is rich in….

Answer 15

bicarbonate

Question 16

Post pancreatic surgery a drain is in and you suspect an exocrine fluid leak into the drain. The patient is at risk of becoming…

Answer 16

acidotic

Question 17

what kind of acidosis is caused by a pancreatic fluid leak?

Answer 17

non anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 18

what test diagnoses thoracic aortic injury?

Answer 18

CT angiography of the chest

Question 19

can you use transthoracic echo to diagnos a traumatic aortic injury?

Answer 19

no - aorta too far away

Question 20

what is flail chest?

Answer 20

when multiple rib fractures result in a segment of the chest wall moving paradoxically during ins/expiration

Question 21

which blood abnormality is common in toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 21

thrombocytopenia

Question 22

findings of central cord syndrome?

Answer 22

• sensory disturbance in upper extremities

- sometimes disruption of lateral spinal tracts -> loss of motor function

Question 23

what kind of bone lesion is seen with a giant cell tumour?

Answer 23

lytic

Question 24

where do giant cell tumours most commonly occur?

Answer 24

epiphysis of long bones