feb 26

Question 1

what investigation should be obtained in a child suspected to have vesicouretral reflex?

Answer 1

voiding cystogram

Question 2

indciations for a voiding cystogram in a child

Answer 2

• 2 or more febrile UTIs
• abnormal ultrasound
• fever >39 (102)
• signs of chronic kidney disease

Question 3

classic XRAY finding of NEC?

Answer 3

air in the bowel wall

Question 4

congenital dermal melanocytosis =

Answer 4

mongolian spots

Question 5

how does estrogen effect thryoid hormone?

Answer 5

it increases TBG production by the liver -> reduction of free T4 and T3

Question 6

why may there be hypertension in a wilms tumour?

Answer 6

tumour may secrete renin or compress vasculature

Question 7

origin of the adrenal gland

Answer 7

neural crest

Question 8

clinical features of blastomycoses?

Answer 8

skin lesions, lytic bone lesions, fever, night sweats

Question 9

why do patients with ascites get shortness of breath ?

Answer 9

increased abdominal pressure

Question 10

A patient with PSGN has edema, what should you do?

Answer 10

give them loop diuretics (furosemide)

Question 11

what complications of volume overload may arise in PSGN?

Answer 11

hypertension, edema

Question 12

how to treat volume overload in PSGN?

Answer 12

loop diuretics

Question 13

path of common variable immunodeficiency?

Answer 13

-theres abnormal differentiation of B cells into plasma cells resulting in decreased production of multiple immunoglobulin classes

Question 14

treatment of common variable immunodeficiency?

Answer 14

intravenous immunoglobulin infusion

Question 15

what are the two most common causes of CN III palsies?

Answer 15

compression, or microvascular ischemia

Question 16

where are the parasympathetic fibers of CNIII found (inside, or outside of the fascicle containing the other fibers?)

Answer 16

outside the fascicle (making them less susceptible to ischemia but still affected by compression)

Question 17

if a CN III palsy is pupil sparing what does that indicate?

Answer 17

the parasympathetic fibers are intact - probably from microvascular ischemia

Question 18

if a CN III palsy has pupil involvement (dilation) what does that intact?

Answer 18

the parasympathetic fibers are effected - probably from mass effect (such as an intracranial aneurysm)

Question 19

at what sodium level should a patient receive HYPERtonic saline?

Answer 19

if the sodium is <120

Question 20

path behind lichen planus?

Answer 20

autoimmune disorder driven by CD8 t cells

Question 21

treatment of cutaneous lichen planus?

Answer 21

nothing - self limited

Question 22

treatment of oral lichen planus?

Answer 22

topical high-potency steroids

Question 23

a finger stick capillary lead level is high. How should you confirm?

Answer 23

you NEED to measure the venous lead level

Question 24

all patients with cirhosis need to undergo what test?

Answer 24

screening endoscopy for esophageal varices

Question 25

what is nadolol?

Answer 25

a beta blocker

Question 26

what hormone rises in refeeding syndrome and why does this matter?

Answer 26

insulin rises in response to being fed after starving - leads to electolyte disturbances - must replenish electrolytes

Question 27

what antibodies are found in rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 27

anti - ccp