march 31 Flashcards
nonpharmicological treatment of tourettes?
habit reversal training (behavioural therapy)
medical management of tourettes?
dopamine blockers, alpha 2 agonists
anti mitochondrial antibodies are seen in…
primary biliary cholangitis
anti smooth muscle antibodies are seen in…
autoimmune hepatitis
antitopoisomerase antibodies are associated with….
systemic sclerosis
anti neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies are associated with…
granulomatous with polyangitis (wegeners)
by 12 months, an infants weight shoudl have…
tripled
by 12 months, an infants height shouldve increased by…
50%
which bacteria most commonly cause acute bacterial sinusitis?
H. influenza, S. pneumonia, M. catarrhalis
most common cause of acute bacterial sinusitis?
H influenza
a patient with SEVERE penicillin allergy has syphilis. What drug do you give them?
doxycycline
where does the abscess occur in entemeba histolytica?
right lobe of the liver
An infant has meningococcal meningitis and develops hypotension. What are you worried about?
Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome
which cancers occur in lynch sydnrome?
- colorectal
- endometrial
- ovarian
cauda equina syndrome presentation?
low back radicular pain \+ one or more of the following: -motor deficits -patchy sensory loss -rectal sphincter
what is the glucose level in viral meningitis?
40-70
what is the protein level in viral meningitis?
<150
what is the glucose level in TB meningitis?
<45
what is the protein level in TB meningitis?
100-500
what type of meningitis may cause a cranial nerve palsy?
TB meningitis
is TB meningitis onset sudden or progressive?
progressive
pathophys of transient tachypnea of the newborn?
inadequate alveolar fluid clearance at birth
clinical features of transient tachypnea of the newborn?
tachypnea shortly after birth
resolves by day 2 of life
pathophys of respiratory distress syndrome
surfactant deficiency -> alveolar collapse
clinical features of respiratory distress syndrome?
-premature infant with severe respiratory distress and cyanosis
XRAY findings in severe respiratory distress syndrome
diffuse ground glass appearance on XRAY
pathophys of persistant pulmonary hypertension?
high pulmonary vascular resistance
right to left shunt
clinical features of persistant pulmonary hypertension?
tachypnea and severe cyanossis
CXRAY findings of persistant pulmonary hypertension
clear lungs wtih decreased pulmonary vascularity
at what CD4 level are patients at risk for PCP ?
<200
patients with PCP are often treated with both TMP-SMX and…
corticosteroids
why are steroids given to patients being treated for PCP?
hypoxia often worsens at first when antibiotics are given due to the release of proinflammatory cytokines
what are the indications for someone with PCP to receive steroids along with TMP-SMX?
PaO2 <70
A-a gradient >35
Pulse ox <92% on room air
of ethylyne glycol and methanol, which one can cause vision loss?
methanol
of ethylyne glycol and methanol, which one can causes kidney damage?
ethylene glycol
what is the red cell distribution width in iron deficiency anemia?
increased
what is the red cell distribution width in thalasemia?
NORMAL
what is the MCV in thalasemia?
decreased
Hordeolum AKA
stye
when is CVID commonyl diagnosed?
As an adult - age 20-40
chronic disease manifestations associated with CVID?
- autoimmune diseases
- pulmonary disease (bronchiectasis, fibrosis)
- GI (chronic diarrhea, IBD like conditions)
increased TRH stimulates the release of which hormones from the anterior pituitary?
TSH and prolactin
what are the prolactin levels in hypothyroidism?
increased
what are the FSH and LH levels in hypothyroidism?
decreased (due to increased prolactin release -> inhibition)
what a transient synovitis?
a self limited inflammatory condition that occurs in children aged 3-8
presentation of a child with transient synovitis?
hip pain or referred knee pain. May limp but can often bear weight
ultrasound findings in transient synovitis?
small unilateral or bilateral effusions
treatment of transient synovitis?
convservative (NSAIDS)
are the hips commonly invovled in juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
no
would you have a + blood on urinalysis of someone with rhabdomyolisis?
yes (not actually blood- myoglobin)
would you see blood on urine microscopy of someone with rhabdomyolisis?
no
if a patient with infective endocarditis has persistant bacteremia what should you suspect?
perivalvular abscess
if a patient with infective endocarditis develops cardiac conduction abnormalities (AV block) what should you suspect?
perivalvular abscess
what kind of murmur is heart in aortic valve disease?
late diastolic murmur
what kind of murmur is heart in aortic ROOT disease?
early diastolic murmur
ECG findings of hyperkalemia?
peaked t waves, widened QRS complex, conduction delay
manifestations of hyperkalemia?
muslce weakeness, bradycardia, hypotension
why may bradycardia, hypotension occur in hyperkalemia?
impaired neuromuscular transmission due to potassium imbalance
what is the immediate treatment for hyperkalemia?
IV calcium to stabilize cardiac myocyte membranes
why is maternal diabetes a risk factor for RDS?
hyperglycemia -> fetal hyperinsulinemia -> antagonism of cortisol and prevention of the maturation of sphingomyelin
why can constipation lead to UTIs in children?
fecal retention leads to rectal distention which compresses the bladder and leads to incomplete empything & urinary stasis
