april 1

Question 1

what does VACTERL stand for?

Answer 1

vertebral
anal
cardiac
TrachoEsophageal fistula
Renal anomalies
Limb anomalies

Question 2

A neonate has a tracheoesophageal fistula… what are you worried about?

Answer 2

VACTERL (more commonly)

or CHARGE syndrome

Question 3

what is CHARGE syndrome?

Answer 3

Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia
Retardiation of growth
Genitourinary abnormalities
Ear abnormalities

Question 4

All neonates with a tracheoosophagela fistula should undergo which tests?

Answer 4

• echocardiography

- renal ultrasound

Question 5

what is pretest odds?

Answer 5

the odds of something happening/the odds of it not happening

Question 6

symptoms of pellegra?

Answer 6

diarrhea
dermatitis
dementia/depression/distraction
death

Question 7

what causes pellegra?

Answer 7

niacin deficiency

Question 8

MOA of metoclopramide?

Answer 8

dopamine antagonist

Question 9

aprepitant MOA

Answer 9

substance P NK1 antagonist

Question 10

hydroxyzine MOA

Answer 10

antihistamines

Question 11

odansetron MOA

Answer 11

serotonin 5HT3 antagonist

Question 12

bite cells are seen in…

Answer 12

G6PD deficiency

Question 13

target cells are seen in…

Answer 13

thalasemia

Question 14

infants with hypothyroidism appear normal at…

Answer 14

birth (due to the mothers hormones in the infants circulation)

Question 15

infants with hypothyroidism will gradually develop which features?

Answer 15

apathy
weakness
hypotonia
large tongue
abdominal bloating
umbilical hernia

Question 16

what changes in hormones will be seen in a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma?

Answer 16

• decrease of most hormones (LH, FSH, TSH)

- mild increase in prolactin due to disruption of dopamine pathways that would suppress it

Question 17

nitroglycerin will alleviate pain not only from heart problems but also from…

Answer 17

esophageal spasm

Question 18

pathophys of henoch-schonlen purpura (igA vasculitis)?

Answer 18

deposition of igA, C3 and fibrin in small vessels

Question 19

igA vasculitis AKA

Answer 19

henoch-schonlein purpura

Question 20

manifestations seen in igA vasculitis?

Answer 20

• palpable purpura/petechia on lower extremities
• arthritis/arthralgia
• abdominal pain/intussiception
• renal disease
• scrotal pain/swelling

Question 21

scrotal pain may be seen in which vasculitis?

Answer 21

igA vasculitis

Question 22

what is the EPO level in polycythemia vera?

Answer 22

LOW

Question 23

treatment of polycythemia vera?

Answer 23

Phlebotomy

and maybe hydroxyurea

Question 24

what medications can be used to treat essential tremor?

Answer 24

beta blockers

anticonvulsants

Question 25

beta blockers are contraindicatd in patients with…

Answer 25

reactive airway disease (asthma, COPD) or heart block

Question 26

nitrates releive chest pain via…

Answer 26

decreased left ventricular wall stress (due to decreased preload and afterload)

Question 27

what factors may trigger psoriasis?

Answer 27

• local skin trauma
• withdrawal from steroids
• medications
• HIV and strep pharyngitis

Question 28

A patient has sudden onset severe psoriasis and a history of STIs. Consider testing for…

Answer 28

HIV

Question 29

presentation of hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 29

• painless lymphadenopathy
• mediastinal mass
• B symptoms (fever, night sweats)
• pruritis

Question 30

diagnosis of hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 30

• lymph node biopsy

- reed sternberg cells

Question 31

why may patients with hodgkin lymphoma have pruritis?

Answer 31

release of cytokines

Question 32

ECG findings in stress induced cardiomyopathy (takotsubo)?

Answer 32

evidence of ischemia in anterior precordial leads

Question 33

ECG findings suggested cardiac ischemia but no obstructions found on catheterization =

Answer 33

stress induced cardiomyopathy (takotsubo)

Question 34

stress induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by …… hypokinesis

Answer 34

left ventricular mid and apical segment and basilar

Question 35

treatment of GBS?

Answer 35

IVIG or plasmapheresis