april 1 Flashcards
what does VACTERL stand for?
vertebral anal cardiac TrachoEsophageal fistula Renal anomalies Limb anomalies
A neonate has a tracheoesophageal fistula… what are you worried about?
VACTERL (more commonly)
or CHARGE syndrome
what is CHARGE syndrome?
Coloboma Heart defects Atresia Retardiation of growth Genitourinary abnormalities Ear abnormalities
All neonates with a tracheoosophagela fistula should undergo which tests?
- echocardiography
- renal ultrasound
what is pretest odds?
the odds of something happening/the odds of it not happening
symptoms of pellegra?
diarrhea
dermatitis
dementia/depression/distraction
death
what causes pellegra?
niacin deficiency
MOA of metoclopramide?
dopamine antagonist
aprepitant MOA
substance P NK1 antagonist
hydroxyzine MOA
antihistamines
odansetron MOA
serotonin 5HT3 antagonist
bite cells are seen in…
G6PD deficiency
target cells are seen in…
thalasemia
infants with hypothyroidism appear normal at…
birth (due to the mothers hormones in the infants circulation)
infants with hypothyroidism will gradually develop which features?
apathy weakness hypotonia large tongue abdominal bloating umbilical hernia
what changes in hormones will be seen in a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma?
- decrease of most hormones (LH, FSH, TSH)
- mild increase in prolactin due to disruption of dopamine pathways that would suppress it
nitroglycerin will alleviate pain not only from heart problems but also from…
esophageal spasm
pathophys of henoch-schonlen purpura (igA vasculitis)?
deposition of igA, C3 and fibrin in small vessels
igA vasculitis AKA
henoch-schonlein purpura
manifestations seen in igA vasculitis?
- palpable purpura/petechia on lower extremities
- arthritis/arthralgia
- abdominal pain/intussiception
- renal disease
- scrotal pain/swelling
scrotal pain may be seen in which vasculitis?
igA vasculitis
what is the EPO level in polycythemia vera?
LOW
treatment of polycythemia vera?
Phlebotomy
and maybe hydroxyurea
what medications can be used to treat essential tremor?
beta blockers
anticonvulsants
beta blockers are contraindicatd in patients with…
reactive airway disease (asthma, COPD) or heart block
nitrates releive chest pain via…
decreased left ventricular wall stress (due to decreased preload and afterload)
what factors may trigger psoriasis?
- local skin trauma
- withdrawal from steroids
- medications
- HIV and strep pharyngitis
A patient has sudden onset severe psoriasis and a history of STIs. Consider testing for…
HIV
presentation of hodgkin lymphoma?
- painless lymphadenopathy
- mediastinal mass
- B symptoms (fever, night sweats)
- pruritis
diagnosis of hodgkin lymphoma?
- lymph node biopsy
- reed sternberg cells
why may patients with hodgkin lymphoma have pruritis?
release of cytokines
ECG findings in stress induced cardiomyopathy (takotsubo)?
evidence of ischemia in anterior precordial leads
ECG findings suggested cardiac ischemia but no obstructions found on catheterization =
stress induced cardiomyopathy (takotsubo)
stress induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by …… hypokinesis
left ventricular mid and apical segment and basilar
treatment of GBS?
IVIG or plasmapheresis
