april 1 Flashcards by erin walton-ball

what does VACTERL stand for?

vertebral
anal
cardiac
TrachoEsophageal fistula
Renal anomalies
Limb anomalies

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A neonate has a tracheoesophageal fistula… what are you worried about?

VACTERL (more commonly)

or CHARGE syndrome

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what is CHARGE syndrome?

Coloboma
Heart defects
Atresia
Retardiation of growth
Genitourinary abnormalities
Ear abnormalities

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All neonates with a tracheoosophagela fistula should undergo which tests?

echocardiography

- renal ultrasound

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what is pretest odds?

the odds of something happening/the odds of it not happening

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symptoms of pellegra?

diarrhea
dermatitis
dementia/depression/distraction
death

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what causes pellegra?

niacin deficiency

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MOA of metoclopramide?

dopamine antagonist

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aprepitant MOA

substance P NK1 antagonist

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hydroxyzine MOA

antihistamines

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odansetron MOA

serotonin 5HT3 antagonist

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bite cells are seen in…

G6PD deficiency

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target cells are seen in…

thalasemia

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infants with hypothyroidism appear normal at…

birth (due to the mothers hormones in the infants circulation)

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infants with hypothyroidism will gradually develop which features?

apathy
weakness
hypotonia
large tongue
abdominal bloating
umbilical hernia

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what changes in hormones will be seen in a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma?

decrease of most hormones (LH, FSH, TSH)

- mild increase in prolactin due to disruption of dopamine pathways that would suppress it

nitroglycerin will alleviate pain not only from heart problems but also from…

esophageal spasm

pathophys of henoch-schonlen purpura (igA vasculitis)?

deposition of igA, C3 and fibrin in small vessels

igA vasculitis AKA

henoch-schonlein purpura

manifestations seen in igA vasculitis?

palpable purpura/petechia on lower extremities
arthritis/arthralgia
abdominal pain/intussiception
renal disease
scrotal pain/swelling

scrotal pain may be seen in which vasculitis?

igA vasculitis

what is the EPO level in polycythemia vera?

LOW

treatment of polycythemia vera?

Phlebotomy

and maybe hydroxyurea

what medications can be used to treat essential tremor?

beta blockers

anticonvulsants

beta blockers are contraindicatd in patients with...

reactive airway disease (asthma, COPD) or heart block

nitrates releive chest pain via...

decreased left ventricular wall stress (due to decreased preload and afterload)

what factors may trigger psoriasis?

- local skin trauma - withdrawal from steroids - medications - HIV and strep pharyngitis

A patient has sudden onset severe psoriasis and a history of STIs. Consider testing for...

HIV

presentation of hodgkin lymphoma?

- painless lymphadenopathy - mediastinal mass - B symptoms (fever, night sweats) - pruritis

diagnosis of hodgkin lymphoma?

- lymph node biopsy | - reed sternberg cells

why may patients with hodgkin lymphoma have pruritis?

release of cytokines

ECG findings in stress induced cardiomyopathy (takotsubo)?

evidence of ischemia in anterior precordial leads

ECG findings suggested cardiac ischemia but no obstructions found on catheterization =

stress induced cardiomyopathy (takotsubo)

stress induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by ...... hypokinesis

left ventricular mid and apical segment and basilar

treatment of GBS?

IVIG or plasmapheresis