Lecture 9-Protista Flashcards
__________ are all eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals.
Protists
Protists are in the __________ group.
Paraphyletic
Protists are usually __________ and __________.
Unicellular, aquatic
__________ are nutritionally diverse.
Protists
Protists reproduce through __________ and __________ reproduction.
Sexual, asexual (meiosis and mitosis)
__________ have membrane organelles and a nucleus.
Protists
Protista range in size from _________ to __________.
Small, large
Original endosymbiotic events lead to the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes, creating the __________.
Mitochondrion
Subsequent endosymbiotic events occurred that give rise to other organelles like __________.
Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic heterotroph engulfs photosynthetic cyanobacterium. Bacterium membranes are lost, organelles form:
Primary endosymbiosis
This lineage gives rise to the red and green algae.
Primary endosymbiosis
In both red and green algae lineages, multiple independent endosymbiotic events occur in:
Secondary endosymbiosis
The five eukaryotic supergroups are:
Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta
This supergroup has highly modified mitochondria, multiple flagella, and ‘excavated’ feeding groove.
Excavata
This supergroup can cause numerous human diseases such as Chagas disease, sleeping sickness, non-bacterial gastroenteritis, and STD’s that increase HIV susceptibility.
Excavata
This supergroup is derived from secondary endosymbiosis of red algae.
Chromalveolata
__________ are the main component of plankton.
Dinoflagellates
Dinoflagellates are in the __________ supergroup.
Chromalveolata
__________ cause red tides, some of which produce harmful neurotoxins or deplete oxygen levels in water.
Dinoflagellates
__________ is loss of zoothanthellae.
Coral bleaching
When temperature _____, it causes coral bleaching.
Rises
__________ are bioluminescent.
Dinoflagellates
The supergroup __________ can cause human diseases such as malaria.
Chromalveolata
Malaria is caused by __________, in the Chromalveolata supergroup.
Apicomplexa
__________ contribute to almost 45% of ocean primary productivity, providing vast amounts of energy and oxygen.
Diatoms
Diatoms are in the __________ supergroup.
Chromalveolata
The supergroup __________ are amoeba-like with threadlike pseudopodia.
Rhizaria
The supergroup __________ are made up of parasites of plants and animals and make excellent index fossils.
Rhizaria
The supergroup __________’s main groups include red algae, green algae, and land plants.
Archaeplastida
The supergroup __________ helps with reef formation and are edible.
Archaeplastida
The supergroup __________ is made up of amoebazoans with tube-like pseudopodia.
Unikonta
The supergroup __________ can cause diseases such as amoebic dysentery and brain-eating amoeba.
Unikonta
__________ are usually photosynthetic.
Dinoflagellates
__________ leads to high protist diversity.
Endosymbiosis
__________ are pathogenic protists needing more than one host; causes Chagas.
Trapanosoma
__________ is the most common pathogenic protist infection in industrialized countries; increases HIV susceptibility.
Trichomonas vaginales
When there isn’t enough information to resolve a node in a phylogeny, it’s called a:
Polytomy
__________ is the most common intestinal parasite and the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis.
Giardia intestinalis
__________ are photosynthetic algae contained in silica “shells”.
Diatoms
Largest, most complex type of algae.
Brown algae
Represents true algae.
Green algae
This type of algae photosynthesizes at great depths. It is important in reef formation. (Secretes carbonate)
Red algae
Another term for silica shells.
Radiolarians
Flagellated collar cells; closest protist relative to animals.
Choanoflagellates
