Lecture 9-Protista Flashcards

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1
Q

__________ are all eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals.

A

Protists

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2
Q

Protists are in the __________ group.

A

Paraphyletic

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3
Q

Protists are usually __________ and __________.

A

Unicellular, aquatic

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4
Q

__________ are nutritionally diverse.

A

Protists

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5
Q

Protists reproduce through __________ and __________ reproduction.

A

Sexual, asexual (meiosis and mitosis)

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6
Q

__________ have membrane organelles and a nucleus.

A

Protists

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7
Q

Protista range in size from _________ to __________.

A

Small, large

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8
Q

Original endosymbiotic events lead to the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes, creating the __________.

A

Mitochondrion

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9
Q

Subsequent endosymbiotic events occurred that give rise to other organelles like __________.

A

Chloroplasts

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10
Q

Eukaryotic heterotroph engulfs photosynthetic cyanobacterium. Bacterium membranes are lost, organelles form:

A

Primary endosymbiosis

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11
Q

This lineage gives rise to the red and green algae.

A

Primary endosymbiosis

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12
Q

In both red and green algae lineages, multiple independent endosymbiotic events occur in:

A

Secondary endosymbiosis

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13
Q

The five eukaryotic supergroups are:

A

Excavata, Chromalveolata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, and Unikonta

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14
Q

This supergroup has highly modified mitochondria, multiple flagella, and ‘excavated’ feeding groove.

A

Excavata

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15
Q

This supergroup can cause numerous human diseases such as Chagas disease, sleeping sickness, non-bacterial gastroenteritis, and STD’s that increase HIV susceptibility.

A

Excavata

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16
Q

This supergroup is derived from secondary endosymbiosis of red algae.

A

Chromalveolata

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17
Q

__________ are the main component of plankton.

A

Dinoflagellates

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18
Q

Dinoflagellates are in the __________ supergroup.

A

Chromalveolata

19
Q

__________ cause red tides, some of which produce harmful neurotoxins or deplete oxygen levels in water.

A

Dinoflagellates

20
Q

__________ is loss of zoothanthellae.

A

Coral bleaching

21
Q

When temperature _____, it causes coral bleaching.

A

Rises

22
Q

__________ are bioluminescent.

A

Dinoflagellates

23
Q

The supergroup __________ can cause human diseases such as malaria.

A

Chromalveolata

24
Q

Malaria is caused by __________, in the Chromalveolata supergroup.

A

Apicomplexa

25
Q

__________ contribute to almost 45% of ocean primary productivity, providing vast amounts of energy and oxygen.

A

Diatoms

26
Q

Diatoms are in the __________ supergroup.

A

Chromalveolata

27
Q

The supergroup __________ are amoeba-like with threadlike pseudopodia.

A

Rhizaria

28
Q

The supergroup __________ are made up of parasites of plants and animals and make excellent index fossils.

A

Rhizaria

29
Q

The supergroup __________’s main groups include red algae, green algae, and land plants.

A

Archaeplastida

30
Q

The supergroup __________ helps with reef formation and are edible.

A

Archaeplastida

31
Q

The supergroup __________ is made up of amoebazoans with tube-like pseudopodia.

A

Unikonta

32
Q

The supergroup __________ can cause diseases such as amoebic dysentery and brain-eating amoeba.

A

Unikonta

33
Q

__________ are usually photosynthetic.

A

Dinoflagellates

34
Q

__________ leads to high protist diversity.

A

Endosymbiosis

35
Q

__________ are pathogenic protists needing more than one host; causes Chagas.

A

Trapanosoma

36
Q

__________ is the most common pathogenic protist infection in industrialized countries; increases HIV susceptibility.

A

Trichomonas vaginales

37
Q

When there isn’t enough information to resolve a node in a phylogeny, it’s called a:

A

Polytomy

38
Q

__________ is the most common intestinal parasite and the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis.

A

Giardia intestinalis

39
Q

__________ are photosynthetic algae contained in silica “shells”.

A

Diatoms

40
Q

Largest, most complex type of algae.

A

Brown algae

41
Q

Represents true algae.

A

Green algae

42
Q

This type of algae photosynthesizes at great depths. It is important in reef formation. (Secretes carbonate)

A

Red algae

43
Q

Another term for silica shells.

A

Radiolarians

44
Q

Flagellated collar cells; closest protist relative to animals.

A

Choanoflagellates