Lecture 12-Plant Diversity II Flashcards
Shared trait #1 between plants:
Also shared trait #1 between charophyceans and algae:
They are multicellular
Shared trait #2 between plants:
Also shared trait #2 between charophyceans and algae:
They are eukaryotic
Shared trait #3 between plants:
Also shared trait #3 between charophyceans and algae:
They are photosynthetic
Shared trait #4 between plants:
Also shared trait #4 between charophyceans and algae:
They have cell walls made of cellulose
Shared trait #1 between plants and charophyceans:
Rose shaped complexes
The rose-shaped complexes shared between plants and charophyceans are for __________ __________.
Cellulose synthesis
Shared trait #2 between plants and charophyceans:
Peroxisome enzymes
Shared trait #3 between plants and charophyceans:
Formation of phragomoplast
Female structure containing megasporangium, megaspore, and integument.
Ovules
Megaspores divide via __________.
Meiosis
Male structure containing microspore; transferred via wind or animals. Dispersal is water independent.
Pollen
A pollen grain contains _____ sperm each.
2
Seed plants evolved how long ago?
350MYA
Seed plants evolved in the __________ period.
Carboniferous
The two groups of seed plants are:
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Naked seeds.
Gymnosperms
Contained seeds.
Angiosperms
In __________, the ovule is not surrounded by ovary or fruit.
Gymnosperms
The 4 phyla of gymnosperms are:
Ginkophyta, Gnetophyta, Cycadophyta, and Coniferophyta
There is only one species in this phylum of gymnosperms.
Ginkophyta
Used in traditional medicine for circulatory disorders, memory enhancement, and dementia.
Ginkophyta
Most closely related to the angiosperm (according to classical views).
Gnetophyta
The only gymnosperm to exhibit “double fertilization”. Not true double fertilization, because the second fertilization degenerates and does not form endosperm.
Gnetophyta
The gymnosperms known are cycads.
Cycadophyta
Gymnosperms dominant in the Mesozoic era.
Cycadophyta
Have crowns of stiff compound leaves with a short trunk.
Cycadophyta
Often mistaken as “palms”, which are angiosperms.
Cycadophyta
Cycadophyta are __________.
Dioecious
Examples of this gymnosperm are pine and fir trees (most are evergreen).
Coniferophyta
This is the most species rich gymnosperm.
Coniferophyta
In __________, the ovule is surrounded by ovary or fruit.
Angiosperms
Flowers are made up of:
The stamen, the carpel, and the petal & sepal.
In flowers, the male pollen producing structure.
The stamen
The stamen is made up of two parts:
A filament and the anther
The __________ produces pollen.
Anther
In flowers, the female ovule producing structure.
The carpel
The carpel is made up of 3 parts:
The stigma, the style, and the ovary
Where pollen is deposited.
Stigma
Contains ovules.
Ovary
Attract pollinators.
Petals
During fertilization, pollen lands on the stigma, creating what?
A pollen tube along the style
Both sperms contained in each grain of pollen fertilize separate nuclei. This is called:
Double fertilization
One of the sperms fertilizes the __________, the other sperm fertilizes the __________ __________.
Egg, polar nuclei
When one sperm fertilizes an egg, that becomes the:
Embryo
When the other sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei, this becomes:
The endosperm
The __________ can be used for food.
Endosperm
Once an ovule is fertilized, the ovary matures into __________.
Fruit
Both dry and fleshy fruits are designed for dispersal by __________, __________, and __________.
Wind, water, animals
