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Biology 2 > Lab 6: Seedless Plants > Flashcards

Lab 6: Seedless Plants Flashcards

1
Q

The extant seedless plants consist of the __________, the ___________, and the _____________.

A

Bryophytes, fern allies, ferns.

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2
Q

The term “bryophyte” refers to those plants that lack __________.

A

Vascular tissue

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3
Q

The term “fern allies” refers to seedless plants that contain ___________ but are not _________.

A

Vascular tissue, ferns

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4
Q

Another word for cones?

A

Strobili

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5
Q

The alternation of generations refers to a life cycle that exhibits separate multicellular _________ individuals and multicellular __________ individuals.

A

Diploid, haploid

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6
Q

Two separate generations, the __________ and the __________ are needed to complete one cycle of life.

A

Gametophyte, sporophyte

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7
Q

The __________ is a multicellular individual that may be unisexual or bisexual that produces haploid gamete cells (flagellated sperm or eggs).

A

Gametophyte

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8
Q

Name this process: Male gametophytes release sperm into the surrounding environment to fuse with the retained female gametes.

A

Fertilization

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9
Q

After fertilization, the resulting zygote develops into the diploid, multicellular ___________.

A

Sporophyte

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10
Q

A __________ releases haploid spores into the environment thatg germinate and grow to become a multicellular haploid gametophyte.

A

Sporophyte

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11
Q

In all seedless plants, gametes are produced in jacketed multicellular structures called __________.

A

Gametangia

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12
Q

Two types of gametangia are __________ and __________.

A

Antheridia, archegonium

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13
Q

__________ produce many flagellated sperm, which swim to an __________ that contains a single egg.

A

Antheridia, archegonium

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14
Q

The new sporophyte grows out of the archegonium and and is usually anchored to the __________ by a __________.

A

Gametophyte, “foot”

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15
Q

The __________ is initially dependent on the __________ (zygote to early embryo) for sustenance.

A

Sporophyte, gametophyte

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16
Q

Male reproductive structure in seedless plants. Produces haploid sperm.

A

Antheridium

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17
Q

Female reproductive organ in seedless plants. Produces haploid eggs.

A

Archegonium

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18
Q

Phylum of nonvascular plants made up of mosses and liverworts.

A

Bryophytes

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19
Q

In seedless plants, the multicellular haploid phase that produces gametes.

A

Gametophyte

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20
Q

Producing two types of spores; one gives rise to female megaspore and the other to a male microspore.

A

Heterosporous

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21
Q

Producing a single type of spore that gives rise to a gametophyte with both male and female reproductive organs.

A

Homosporous

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22
Q

Sporangium containing megaspores.

A

Megasporangium

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23
Q

A haploid spore that produces a female gametophyte.

A

Megaspore

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24
Q

Sporangium containing microspores.

A

Microsporangium

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25
A haploid spore that produces a male gametophyte
Microspore
26
In seedless plants, hair-like extensions that anchor the plants to the ground.
Rhizoid
27
In seedless plants, a multicellular organ where meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.
Sporangium
28
A haploid cell that divides by mitosis to develop into a haploid adult.
Spore
29
In seedless plants, the diploid phase that produces spores.
Sporophyte
30
A cone-like structure composed of sporophylls.
Strobilus
31
A simple, vegetative body which is not differentiated into true leaf, stem, or root.
Thallus
32
Land plants alternate between a __________ stage and a __________ stage throughout their life cycle.
Diploid, haploid
33
Plants in the diploid stage are called __________.
Sporophytes
34
Plants in the haploid stage are called __________.
Gametophytes
35
The bryophytes consist of 3 distinct phyla: __________, __________, and __________.
Hepatophyta, Anthocerophyta, and Bryophyta
36
Bryophytes are characterized by their __________, __________ (nonwoody) bodies.
Small, herbaceous
37
"Bryophyte" is a term informally used to refer to ____ nonvascular plants and should not be confused with "Bryophyta".
ALL
38
In Bryophytes, the __________ is the dominant life stage.
Gametophyte
39
Bryophytes absorb water and nutrients directly through their thin __________.
"Leaves"
40
Instead if roots, bryophytes use __________.
Rhizoids
41
Phylum Hepatophyta are otherwise known as _________.
Liverworts
42
The liverworts can be broken into two types: __________ liverworts and __________ liverworts.
Thallose, leafy
43
Thallose liverworts do not have a __________ organization, but consist of flat, spreading bodies or __________.
Leaf/stem, thalli.
44
The leafy liverworts have small, leaf-like structures. However these structures are not considered to be __________.
True leaves
45
Thallose liverworts have broad flat or ribbon-like vegetative structures called the __________.
Thallus
46
__________ do not produce leaf-life protrusions.
Thallus
47
__________ have small over-lapping leaf-like protrusions arranged in a flat pattern.
Leafy liverworts
48
Phylum Bryophyta is otherwise known as:
True mosses
49
The phylum Bryophyta occurs within the __________.
Bryophyte clade
50
__________ refers to the taxonomic classification of true mosses.
Bryophyta
51
__________ refers to all nonvascular plants.
Bryophyte
52
The phylum Anthocerophyta is otherwise known as:
Hornworts
53
The thalli of the gametophyte phase typically grow __________ across the ground.
Horizontally
54
The fern allies are made up of __________ and __________.
Lycophyta, Pterophyta
55
The fern allies dominant life stage is the __________.
Sporophyte
56
__________ is a diverse group of plants that include club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.
Lycophyta
57
About _____ species still exist in the Lycophyta group.
900
58
__________ were once the dominant group of land plants on Earth.
Lycophyta
59
Most of the world's coal reserves are a direct result of the __________ group.
Lycophyta
60
_________ includes the horsetails.
Pterophyta
61
Pterophyta horsetails are mostly extinct, with the exception of __________, __________, and __________.
Horsetails, the ferns, the whisk ferns
62
The __________ were a much larger group millions if years ago.
Pterophyta
63
Two different evolutionary lines occur in __________.
Lycophyta
64
The two different evolutionary lines that occur in Lycophyta differ significantly in their __________.
Reproductive structure
65
__________ are the club mosses.
Lycopodiales
66
Lycopodiales (club mosses) typically are __________or __________
Creeping (ground-dwelling), epiphytic (tree-dwelling)
67
Lycopodiales (club mosses) often inhabit __________ places.
Moist
68
__________ are the spike club mosses.
Selaginellales
69
__________ are the quillworts.
Isoetales
70
Isoetales (quillworts) are all extinct with the exception of one genus:
Isoetes
71
The __________ are the most extensive of all seedless, vascular plants.
Ferns
72
Like all fern allies, the ferns are vascular plants with both __________ and __________.
Xylem, phloem
73
__________ produce true roots.
Ferns
74
The __________ of ferns arise from an underground rhizome.
Microphylls
75
Sporangia clustered together:
Sori (sorus, singular)
76
Most species of fern are __________.
Homosporous
77
__________ are vascular plants with dichotomously branching stems.
Whisk ferns
78
Whisk ferns have __________ rhizoids instead of roots and __________ scales instead of leaves.
Avascular
79
In whisk ferns, each branch contains several yellow buttons, which are comprised of __________ __________ per button.
3 sporangia
80
These plants take up silica from the soil and deposit it as grains in their epidermal cells.
Horsetails (or Equisetum)
81
The early pioneers used handfuls if this plant as a primitive kind of Brilli pad; hence the name "scouring rush".
Horsetails
82
__________ and __________ were most prevalent during early plant evolution.
Bryophytes, fern allies
83
Many bryophytes and fern allies have been replaced by __________.
Vascular plants

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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