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Biology 2 > Lab 6: Seedless Plants > Flashcards

Lab 6: Seedless Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

The extant seedless plants consist of the __________, the ___________, and the _____________.

A

Bryophytes, fern allies, ferns.

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2
Q

The term “bryophyte” refers to those plants that lack __________.

A

Vascular tissue

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3
Q

The term “fern allies” refers to seedless plants that contain ___________ but are not _________.

A

Vascular tissue, ferns

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4
Q

Another word for cones?

A

Strobili

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5
Q

The alternation of generations refers to a life cycle that exhibits separate multicellular _________ individuals and multicellular __________ individuals.

A

Diploid, haploid

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6
Q

Two separate generations, the __________ and the __________ are needed to complete one cycle of life.

A

Gametophyte, sporophyte

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7
Q

The __________ is a multicellular individual that may be unisexual or bisexual that produces haploid gamete cells (flagellated sperm or eggs).

A

Gametophyte

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8
Q

Name this process: Male gametophytes release sperm into the surrounding environment to fuse with the retained female gametes.

A

Fertilization

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9
Q

After fertilization, the resulting zygote develops into the diploid, multicellular ___________.

A

Sporophyte

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10
Q

A __________ releases haploid spores into the environment thatg germinate and grow to become a multicellular haploid gametophyte.

A

Sporophyte

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11
Q

In all seedless plants, gametes are produced in jacketed multicellular structures called __________.

A

Gametangia

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12
Q

Two types of gametangia are __________ and __________.

A

Antheridia, archegonium

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13
Q

__________ produce many flagellated sperm, which swim to an __________ that contains a single egg.

A

Antheridia, archegonium

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14
Q

The new sporophyte grows out of the archegonium and and is usually anchored to the __________ by a __________.

A

Gametophyte, “foot”

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15
Q

The __________ is initially dependent on the __________ (zygote to early embryo) for sustenance.

A

Sporophyte, gametophyte

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16
Q

Male reproductive structure in seedless plants. Produces haploid sperm.

A

Antheridium

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17
Q

Female reproductive organ in seedless plants. Produces haploid eggs.

A

Archegonium

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18
Q

Phylum of nonvascular plants made up of mosses and liverworts.

A

Bryophytes

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19
Q

In seedless plants, the multicellular haploid phase that produces gametes.

A

Gametophyte

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20
Q

Producing two types of spores; one gives rise to female megaspore and the other to a male microspore.

A

Heterosporous

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21
Q

Producing a single type of spore that gives rise to a gametophyte with both male and female reproductive organs.

A

Homosporous

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22
Q

Sporangium containing megaspores.

A

Megasporangium

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23
Q

A haploid spore that produces a female gametophyte.

A

Megaspore

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24
Q

Sporangium containing microspores.

A

Microsporangium

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25
Q

A haploid spore that produces a male gametophyte

A

Microspore

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26
Q

In seedless plants, hair-like extensions that anchor the plants to the ground.

A

Rhizoid

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27
Q

In seedless plants, a multicellular organ where meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.

A

Sporangium

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28
Q

A haploid cell that divides by mitosis to develop into a haploid adult.

A

Spore

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29
Q

In seedless plants, the diploid phase that produces spores.

A

Sporophyte

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30
Q

A cone-like structure composed of sporophylls.

A

Strobilus

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31
Q

A simple, vegetative body which is not differentiated into true leaf, stem, or root.

A

Thallus

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32
Q

Land plants alternate between a __________ stage and a __________ stage throughout their life cycle.

A

Diploid, haploid

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33
Q

Plants in the diploid stage are called __________.

A

Sporophytes

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34
Q

Plants in the haploid stage are called __________.

A

Gametophytes

35
Q

The bryophytes consist of 3 distinct phyla: __________, __________, and __________.

A

Hepatophyta, Anthocerophyta, and Bryophyta

36
Q

Bryophytes are characterized by their __________, __________ (nonwoody) bodies.

A

Small, herbaceous

37
Q

“Bryophyte” is a term informally used to refer to ____ nonvascular plants and should not be confused with “Bryophyta”.

A

ALL

38
Q

In Bryophytes, the __________ is the dominant life stage.

A

Gametophyte

39
Q

Bryophytes absorb water and nutrients directly through their thin __________.

A

“Leaves”

40
Q

Instead if roots, bryophytes use __________.

A

Rhizoids

41
Q

Phylum Hepatophyta are otherwise known as _________.

A

Liverworts

42
Q

The liverworts can be broken into two types: __________ liverworts and __________ liverworts.

A

Thallose, leafy

43
Q

Thallose liverworts do not have a __________ organization, but consist of flat, spreading bodies or __________.

A

Leaf/stem, thalli.

44
Q

The leafy liverworts have small, leaf-like structures. However these structures are not considered to be __________.

A

True leaves

45
Q

Thallose liverworts have broad flat or ribbon-like vegetative structures called the __________.

A

Thallus

46
Q

__________ do not produce leaf-life protrusions.

A

Thallus

47
Q

__________ have small over-lapping leaf-like protrusions arranged in a flat pattern.

A

Leafy liverworts

48
Q

Phylum Bryophyta is otherwise known as:

A

True mosses

49
Q

The phylum Bryophyta occurs within the __________.

A

Bryophyte clade

50
Q

__________ refers to the taxonomic classification of true mosses.

A

Bryophyta

51
Q

__________ refers to all nonvascular plants.

A

Bryophyte

52
Q

The phylum Anthocerophyta is otherwise known as:

A

Hornworts

53
Q

The thalli of the gametophyte phase typically grow __________ across the ground.

A

Horizontally

54
Q

The fern allies are made up of __________ and __________.

A

Lycophyta, Pterophyta

55
Q

The fern allies dominant life stage is the __________.

A

Sporophyte

56
Q

__________ is a diverse group of plants that include club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.

A

Lycophyta

57
Q

About _____ species still exist in the Lycophyta group.

A

900

58
Q

__________ were once the dominant group of land plants on Earth.

A

Lycophyta

59
Q

Most of the world’s coal reserves are a direct result of the __________ group.

A

Lycophyta

60
Q

_________ includes the horsetails.

A

Pterophyta

61
Q

Pterophyta horsetails are mostly extinct, with the exception of __________, __________, and __________.

A

Horsetails, the ferns, the whisk ferns

62
Q

The __________ were a much larger group millions if years ago.

A

Pterophyta

63
Q

Two different evolutionary lines occur in __________.

A

Lycophyta

64
Q

The two different evolutionary lines that occur in Lycophyta differ significantly in their __________.

A

Reproductive structure

65
Q

__________ are the club mosses.

A

Lycopodiales

66
Q

Lycopodiales (club mosses) typically are __________or __________

A

Creeping (ground-dwelling), epiphytic (tree-dwelling)

67
Q

Lycopodiales (club mosses) often inhabit __________ places.

A

Moist

68
Q

__________ are the spike club mosses.

A

Selaginellales

69
Q

__________ are the quillworts.

A

Isoetales

70
Q

Isoetales (quillworts) are all extinct with the exception of one genus:

A

Isoetes

71
Q

The __________ are the most extensive of all seedless, vascular plants.

A

Ferns

72
Q

Like all fern allies, the ferns are vascular plants with both __________ and __________.

A

Xylem, phloem

73
Q

__________ produce true roots.

A

Ferns

74
Q

The __________ of ferns arise from an underground rhizome.

A

Microphylls

75
Q

Sporangia clustered together:

A

Sori (sorus, singular)

76
Q

Most species of fern are __________.

A

Homosporous

77
Q

__________ are vascular plants with dichotomously branching stems.

A

Whisk ferns

78
Q

Whisk ferns have __________ rhizoids instead of roots and __________ scales instead of leaves.

A

Avascular

79
Q

In whisk ferns, each branch contains several yellow buttons, which are comprised of __________ __________ per button.

A

3 sporangia

80
Q

These plants take up silica from the soil and deposit it as grains in their epidermal cells.

A

Horsetails (or Equisetum)

81
Q

The early pioneers used handfuls if this plant as a primitive kind of Brilli pad; hence the name “scouring rush”.

A

Horsetails

82
Q

__________ and __________ were most prevalent during early plant evolution.

A

Bryophytes, fern allies

83
Q

Many bryophytes and fern allies have been replaced by __________.

A

Vascular plants

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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