Lecture 31-Population Ecology

Question 0

A group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area.

Answer 0

Population

Question 1

What is population ecology?

Answer 1

The study of populations in relation to their environment

Question 2

Population ecology studies how biotic and abiotic factor influence what?

Answer 2

Density, distribution, size, and age structures of populations

Question 3

The number of individuals per unit area or volume.

Answer 3

Population density

Question 4

Population density is typically __________.

Answer 4

Estimated

Question 5

Population dynamics deal with __________ and __________ within a population.

Answer 5

Addition, removal

Question 6

Addition:

Answer 6

Birth and immigration

Question 7

Removal:

Answer 7

Death and emigration

Question 8

Addition = population __________.

Answer 8

Influx

Question 9

Removal = population __________.

Answer 9

Outflux

Question 10

What is population size affected by?

Answer 10

Birth, death, immigration, and emigration

Question 11

Change in population size (N) during time interval (t) =

Answer 11

(Births + immigration) - (Deaths + emigration)

Question 12

Average # per individual.

Answer 12

Per capita

Question 13

Per capita birth rate equation:

Answer 13

B = bN

Question 14

Per capita death rate equation:

Answer 14

D = mN

Question 15

Per capita rate of increase equation:

Answer 15

r = b - m

Question 16

Different populations exhibit different __________ __________.

Answer 16

Distribution patterns

Question 17

The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population.

Answer 17

Dispersion

Question 18

3 types of dispersion?

Answer 18

Clumped, uniform, and random

Question 19

Aggregated in patches.

Answer 19

Clumped

Question 20

Evenly distributed; result of antagonistic social interactions (territoriality).

Answer 20

Uniform

Question 21

Position of individuals independent of others.

Answer 21

Random

Question 22

Most common dispersion pattern:

Answer 22

Clumped

Question 23

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.

Answer 23

Carrying capacity (K)

Question 24

What can carrying capacity be shaped by?

Answer 24

Energy, shelter, refuge from predators, nutrient availability, water, and suitable nesting sites

Question 25

The study of vital statistics of populations and how they can change over time.

Answer 25

Demography

Question 26

The data used in demography is captured through:

Answer 26

Census, mark-and-recapture, and sampling

Question 27

Age-specific summaries of survival patterns of populations.

Answer 27

Life tables

Question 28

Shows rate of survivorship for a cohort/population.

Answer 28

Survivorship curve

Question 29

Describe a Type I curve.

Answer 29

Low death rates during early and middle life, and then curve down sharply among older age groups.

Question 30

Describe a Type III curve.

Answer 30

Large/massive death rates for the young, then low for those few individuals that survive.

Question 31

Describe a Type II curve.

Answer 31

Equal/constant death rate over the organism's life span

Question 32

This affects the future growth of the population.

Answer 32

Population age structure

Question 33

Populations of all species have the potential to expand when resources are ___________.

Answer 33

Abundant

Question 34

Population increase under ideal conditions.

Answer 34

Exponential population growth

Question 35

An exponential population growth have what kind of exponential growth curve?

Answer 35

J-shaped

Question 36

Exponential population growth is characteristic of populations that are:

Answer 36

Introduced to a new environment

Question 37

When dealing with exponential population growth, there is no limit on __________, no __________, and no __________.

Answer 37

Resources, competition, and predators

Question 38

What limits population growth?

Answer 38

Carrying capacity

Question 39

Levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity.

Answer 39

Logistic population growth

Question 40

Traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival.

Answer 40

Life history

Question 41

Examples of traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival:

Answer 41

When reproduction begins, how often an organism reproduces, and how many offspring are produced

Question 42

There is a __________ between reproduction and survival.

Answer 42

Trade-off

Question 43

Interaction among organisms affects:

Answer 43

Population size fluctuation