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Biology 2 > Lecture 31-Population Ecology > Flashcards

Lecture 31-Population Ecology Flashcards

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0
Q

A group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area.

A

Population

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1
Q

What is population ecology?

A

The study of populations in relation to their environment

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2
Q

Population ecology studies how biotic and abiotic factor influence what?

A

Density, distribution, size, and age structures of populations

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3
Q

The number of individuals per unit area or volume.

A

Population density

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4
Q

Population density is typically __________.

A

Estimated

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5
Q

Population dynamics deal with __________ and __________ within a population.

A

Addition, removal

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6
Q

Addition:

A

Birth and immigration

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7
Q

Removal:

A

Death and emigration

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8
Q

Addition = population __________.

A

Influx

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9
Q

Removal = population __________.

A

Outflux

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10
Q

What is population size affected by?

A

Birth, death, immigration, and emigration

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11
Q

Change in population size (N) during time interval (t) =

A

(Births + immigration) - (Deaths + emigration)

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12
Q

Average # per individual.

A

Per capita

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13
Q

Per capita birth rate equation:

A

B = bN

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14
Q

Per capita death rate equation:

A

D = mN

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15
Q

Per capita rate of increase equation:

A

r = b - m

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16
Q

Different populations exhibit different __________ __________.

A

Distribution patterns

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17
Q

The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population.

A

Dispersion

18
Q

3 types of dispersion?

A

Clumped, uniform, and random

19
Q

Aggregated in patches.

A

Clumped

20
Q

Evenly distributed; result of antagonistic social interactions (territoriality).

A

Uniform

21
Q

Position of individuals independent of others.

A

Random

22
Q

Most common dispersion pattern:

A

Clumped

23
Q

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.

A

Carrying capacity (K)

24
Q

What can carrying capacity be shaped by?

A

Energy, shelter, refuge from predators, nutrient availability, water, and suitable nesting sites

25
Q

The study of vital statistics of populations and how they can change over time.

A

Demography

26
Q

The data used in demography is captured through:

A

Census, mark-and-recapture, and sampling

27
Q

Age-specific summaries of survival patterns of populations.

A

Life tables

28
Q

Shows rate of survivorship for a cohort/population.

A

Survivorship curve

29
Q

Describe a Type I curve.

A

Low death rates during early and middle life, and then curve down sharply among older age groups.

30
Q

Describe a Type III curve.

A

Large/massive death rates for the young, then low for those few individuals that survive.

31
Q

Describe a Type II curve.

A

Equal/constant death rate over the organism’s life span

32
Q

This affects the future growth of the population.

A

Population age structure

33
Q

Populations of all species have the potential to expand when resources are ___________.

A

Abundant

34
Q

Population increase under ideal conditions.

A

Exponential population growth

35
Q

An exponential population growth have what kind of exponential growth curve?

A

J-shaped

36
Q

Exponential population growth is characteristic of populations that are:

A

Introduced to a new environment

37
Q

When dealing with exponential population growth, there is no limit on __________, no __________, and no __________.

A

Resources, competition, and predators

38
Q

What limits population growth?

A

Carrying capacity

39
Q

Levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity.

A

Logistic population growth

40
Q

Traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival.

A

Life history

41
Q

Examples of traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival:

A

When reproduction begins, how often an organism reproduces, and how many offspring are produced

42
Q

There is a __________ between reproduction and survival.

A

Trade-off

43
Q

Interaction among organisms affects:

A

Population size fluctuation

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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