Lab 12: Plant Structure Flashcards
Bear naked seeds which are exposed on cones.
Gymnosperm
Flowering plants that produce seeds inside a protective covering called a fruit wall or pericarp.
Angiosperm
Fruit wall.
Pericarp
Plants are composed of 3 vegetative organs:
Roots, stems, and leaves
Both angiosperms and gymnosperms use __________ __________ to transport water and nutrients between roots and shoots.
Vascular tissue
Transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots vertically to the shoots.
Xylem
Transports food made in leaves to the roots and parts of the shoot system.
Phloem
Two major categories of angiosperms are:
Monocots and Eudicots
The two smaller lineages that are closely related to the Eudicots:
Basal angiosperms and Magnoliids
All plant tissues are developed by embryonic cells called:
Meristems
Small clumps of cells located in the growing tips of stems and roots and are responsible for all elongation/vertical growth.
Apical meristems
Apical meristems occur in:
The tips of roots (RAM) and the buds of shoots (SAM)
The activity from RAM and SAM is know as:
Primary (1^O) growth
Cylinders of dividing cells that extend along the ke gtgs if roots and shoots except at the tips.
Lateral meristems
Lateral meristems are made up of two separate layers of tissues:
Inner vascular cambium and outer cork cambium
The activity from lateral meristems is called:
Secondary (2^O) growth
The two separate layers of tissues associated with lateral meristems are responsible for:
Plant girth growth or widening
Most of the tissue produced during second growth is __________, more commonly called what?
2^O, wood
Cork cells produce a waxy material, __________, which protects the plant from physical damage and pathogens, as well as protecting plants against excessive water loss.
Suberin
The layers of cork and cork cambium that help protect the plant make up the tissue known as:
Periderm
Raised opening on the periderm called __________ help in gas exchange.
Lenticels
