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Biology 2 > Lab 7: Invertebrate Diversity > Flashcards

Lab 7: Invertebrate Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Modern __________ organizes life in a hierarchy based on available evidence for shared ancestry.

A

Systematics

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2
Q

The hierarchy is composed of groups that reflect __________ degrees of similarity.

A

Increasing

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3
Q

The hierarchy is composed of these groups:

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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4
Q

A name created by combining both an organism’s genus and species group.

A

Binomial

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5
Q

The Kingdom Animalia is also known as the __________.

A

Metazoa

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6
Q

The Kingdom Animalia is a __________ group.

A

Monophyletic

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7
Q

A long history of systematic work based on morphology and developmental traits has been used to build a __________.

A

Phylogeny

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8
Q

More recently, molecular research has been used to build a phylogeny of the __________.

A

Metazoa

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9
Q

A body plan w/o a body cavity.

A

Acoelomate

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10
Q

What are the three germ layers in order?

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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11
Q

A large phylum composed of segmented worms, where some organs repeat in segments. Includes earthworms, leeches, polychaete worms, and other groups.

A

Annelida

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12
Q

The most diverse phylum, >80% of described living species. All members have jointed appendages, an exoskeleton, and a segmented body. (Examples: spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs,crabs, crayfish, insects, centipedes, millipedes, lobsters, shrimp, etc.)

A

Arthropoda

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13
Q

An organism with a left and right side. There is only one way to cut these organisms in half and obtain two matching halves.

A

Bilateral symmetry

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14
Q

Rod adjacent to the nerve cord.

A

Notochord

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15
Q

A phylum of about 44,000 species, all of which share a notochord and pharyngeal gill slits at some developmental stage. They also share a hollow dorsal never cord and post-anal tail.

A

Chordata

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16
Q

A diploblastic phylum of >9,000 aquatic species, all distinguished by stinging cells. Includes jellyfish, Hydra, anemones, and corals.

A

Cnidaria

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17
Q

Stinging cells.

A

Cnidocytes

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18
Q

A body plan with a membrane-lined body cavity, permitting more organization than the other two body plans.

A

Coelomate

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19
Q

A mode of development of the digestive system during which the mouth forms second (anus first).

A

Deuterostomia

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20
Q

Tissues derived from two embryonic layers: ectoderm and endoderm.

A

Diploblastic

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21
Q

Organisms that molt.

A

Ecdysozoa

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22
Q

A phylum of about 7,000 marine species including starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, and crinoids.

A

Echinodermata

23
Q

The outer layer of tissue in the gastrula. Gives rise to the skin and nervous system.

A

Ectoderm

24
Q

Inner layer of tissue in the gastrula. Gives rise to most of the digestive system and multiple internal organs.

A

Endoderm

25
Q

Organisms with true tissues.

A

Eumetazoa

26
Q

Tissue organization requires major __________, __________, and __________ processes.

A

Organizational, genetic, developmental

27
Q

Whorl of tentacles.

A

Lophophore

28
Q

Ciliated, planktonic.

A

Trochophore

29
Q

A clade of organisms that share one of two characteristics: either a lophophore mouthpart or a trochophore larval stage.

A

Lophotrochozoa

30
Q

A layer of germ tissue that fills the space between endoderm and ectoderm.

A

Mesoderm

31
Q

A diverse phylum of about 93,000 species, all of which have a large cavity used for breathing and excretion and lined with a tissue (mantle), and 2 or 3 nerve cords.

A

Mollusca

32
Q

Snails and slugs are __________.

A

Gastropods

33
Q

Clams and muscles are __________.

A

Bivalves

34
Q

Squid and octopi are __________.

A

Cephalopods

35
Q

Typically small, narrow worms, >80,000 described species, about 1/5 are parasitic. Very numerous and ubiquitous. Complete gut, longitudinal muscles only.

A

Nematoda

36
Q

A type of asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs.

A

Parthenogenesis

37
Q

An acoelomate phylum of about 20,000 species without circulatory and respiratory organs. Many are important human or animal parasites.

A

Platyhelminthes

38
Q

Informally known as sponges. They lack true tissues; instead, they are composed of several different cell types.

A

Porifera

39
Q

A mode of development of the digestive system during which the mouth forms first (anus second)

A

Protostoma

40
Q

A body plan with a body cavity that is not membrane-lined by mesoderm tissue.

A

Pseudocoelomate

41
Q

The organism can be cut in half in any direction to obtain two matching halves.

A

Radial symmetry

42
Q

A phylum of tiny aquatic pseudocoelomates with cilia surrounding the mouth that appear to rotate when beating. This phylum comprises almost 2,000 species divided into two main groups with diverse shapes.

A

Rotifera

43
Q

Having tissues derived from all embryonic layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

A

Triploblastic

44
Q

Sponge “skeletons” are comprised of __________.

A

Spicules

45
Q

Structures formed from calcium carbonate or silica.

A

Spicules

46
Q

All __________ have true tissues derived from embryonic germ layers.

A

Eumetazoans

47
Q

Two distinct stages exist within the cnidarian life cycle; a __________ and a __________.

A

Polyp and medusa

48
Q

A sessile life stage in which the organism adheres to the substrate and uses its tentacles to capture prey from the water.

A

Polyp

49
Q

A motile life stage which moves within the water column.

A

Medusa

50
Q

The echinoderms are more closely related to __________.

A

Chordates

51
Q

__________ have a water vascular system.

A

Echinoderms

52
Q

All mollusks have three main body parts:

A

The visceral mass, mantle, and foot.

53
Q

Annelida have simple kidneys, called __________.

A

Metanephridia

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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