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Biology 2 > Lecture 18-Animal Form and Function > Flashcards

Lecture 18-Animal Form and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

__________ is the study of the biological form.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

__________ is the study of biological function.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Anatomy is the study of the biological __________.

A

Form

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4
Q

Physiology is the study of the biological __________.

A

Function

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5
Q

Animal body plans are organized in a __________ manner.

A

Hierarchical

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6
Q

A bone is __________.

A

Tissue

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7
Q

What is the order of the hierarchical organization of an animal’s body plan?

A

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ systems

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8
Q

Animals constantly exchange materials with:

A

Their environment

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9
Q

All muscle cells are basically:

A

The same

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10
Q

Specialized and complex organ systems are built from a limited set of all __________ and __________ types.

A

Cell, tissue

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11
Q

The four main types of animal tissues are:

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

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12
Q

__________ breaks down carbohydrates.

A

Amylase

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13
Q

Epithelial tissues cover the:

A

Outside of the body

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14
Q

Epithelial tissues line the __________ and __________.

A

Organs, cavities

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15
Q

Epithelial tissues barrier against __________ __________, __________, and __________ __________.

A

Mechanical injury, pathogens, fluid loss

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16
Q

Epithelial tissues form _________ _________ with the environment.

A

Active interfaces

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17
Q

Examples of this are the skin, intestinal inner lining, specialized glands, and the lining of lung air sacs.

A

Epithelial tissue

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18
Q

__________ tissues hold tissues and organs together.

A

Connective

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19
Q

Connective tissues are build on __________, __________, or __________ foundations.

A

Liquid, jellylike, or solid

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20
Q

Examples of this are bone, blood, adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage, and tendons.

A

Connective tissues

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21
Q

__________ tissues are responsible for body movement.

A

Muscle

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22
Q

Muscle tissues have filaments containing __________ and__________ (important for muscle contraction).

A

Actin, myosin

23
Q

This type of muscle is striated, voluntary, attached to bones by tendons.

A

Skeletal muscle

24
Q

This type of muscle is internal organs, involuntary.

A

Smooth muscle

25
Q

This type of muscle is striated, synchronized heart contractions.

A

Cardiac muscle

26
Q

This type of muscle allows for intestinal movement.

A

Smooth muscle

27
Q

__________ tissues receive, process, and transmit information.

A

Nervous

28
Q

Nervous tissues contain __________.

A

Neurons

29
Q

Nerve cells

A

Neurons

30
Q

A concentration of nervous tissues forms a __________.

A

Brain

31
Q

Help nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons.

A

Glial cells

32
Q

Transmit nerve impulses.

A

Neurons

33
Q

Example of nervous tissues are:

A

Glial cells and neurons

34
Q

Tissues, organs, and organ systems must act in __________.

A

Concert

35
Q

The __________ system transmits hormones to receptive cells throughout the body via blood.

A

Endocrine

36
Q

The endocrine system transmits hormones to receptive cells throughout the body via __________.

A

Blood

37
Q

The endocrine system affects __________ _____ __________ regions throughout the body.

A

One or more

38
Q

The endocrine system is __________ acting, but has __________ lasting effects.

A

Slow, long

39
Q

An example of a hormone that the endocrine system transmits.

A

Testosterone

40
Q

The __________ system transmits nerve impulses between specific locations.

A

Nervous

41
Q

Nerve impulses are received by __________, __________, and __________ cells.

A

Nervous, muscle, endocrine

42
Q

An example of the __________ system in action is being able to sense temperature instantaneously.

A

Nervous

43
Q

An animal’s internal environment needs to be __________.

A

Maintained

44
Q

The steady-state physiological condition of the body.

A

Homeostasis

45
Q

Homeostasis is maintained by this, which helps to return a temperature to either a normal range or a set point.

A

Negative feedback

46
Q

An example of animal homeostasis is:

A

Thermoregulation

47
Q

In __________, heat is generated by metabolism.

A

Endothermy

48
Q

In __________, heat is gained from external sources.

A

Ectothermy

49
Q

Birds and mammals are:

A

Endothermic

50
Q

Most invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and non-avian reptiles are:

A

Ectothermic

51
Q

Endothermic animals are energetically __________.

A

Expensive

52
Q

Ectothermic animals are energetically __________.

A

Inexpensive

53
Q

In __________, animals tolerate greater variations in internal temperatures.

A

Ectothermy

54
Q

In __________, animals are active at a greater range of external temperatures.

A

Endothermy

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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