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Biology 2 > Lecture 26-Sensory/Muscular/Skeletal System > Flashcards

Lecture 26-Sensory/Muscular/Skeletal System Flashcards

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0
Q

Detection of a stimulus by sensory cells.

A

Sensory receptors

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1
Q

__________ __________ transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the CNS.

A

Sensory receptors

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2
Q

Conversion of a stimulus to a change in membrane potential.

A

Transduction

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3
Q

Transmission of sensory information through nervous system via action potentials.

A

Transmission

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4
Q

Action potential reaching brain via sensory neurons.

A

Perception

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5
Q

Transduction of stimuli by sensory receptors is subject __________ and __________.

A

Amplification and adaptation

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6
Q

Strengthening of a sensory signal during transduction via enzyme catalyzed reactions.

A

Amplification

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7
Q

Decrease in responsiveness upon continued stimulation.

A

Sensory adaptation

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8
Q

__________ do not adapt.

A

Nociceptors

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9
Q

There are_____ types of sensory receptors.

A

5

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10
Q

What are the 5 types of sensory receptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors, electromagnetic receptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and nociceptors

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11
Q

What types of stimuli do mechanoreceptors respond to?

A

Pressure, touch, stretch, motion, and sound

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12
Q

What types of stimuli do electromagnetic receptors respond to?

A

Visible light, electricity, and magnetism

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13
Q

What types of stimuli do thermoreceptors respond to?

A

Heat and cold

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14
Q

What types of stimuli do chemoreceptors respond to?

A

Smell and taste

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15
Q

What types of stimuli do nociceptors respond to?

A

Pain

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16
Q

Human skin has __________, __________, and __________.

A

Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors

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17
Q

Transduction of pressure waves into nerve impulses.

A

Hearing

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18
Q

Hearing uses what kind of receptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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19
Q

Human ears are divided into _____ areas.

A

5

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20
Q

Collects and channels sound waves.

A

Outer ears

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21
Q

Transmits vibrations.

A

Middle ear

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22
Q

Transduction in cochlea.

A

Inner ear

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23
Q

Transduction in the cochlea relies on __________ __________ and __________ __________.

A

Hair cells, basilar membrane

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24
Q

The human ear is also an organ of __________ and __________.

A

Balance, equilibrium

25
Q

Mechanoreceptors in the inner ear detect equilibrium using:

A

Moving fluid

26
Q

Detect angular movement (have three spatial planes).

A

Semicircular canals

27
Q

Detect position and linear acceleration.

A

Utricle and saccule

28
Q

The sense of taste relies on:

A

Chemoreceptors

29
Q

Taste receptor cells in tongue and mouth.

A

Taste buds

30
Q

Taste receptor cells are also __________ cells.

A

Epithelial

31
Q

Any region of the tongue with taste buds can taste:

A

Any if the five types

32
Q

There are specific receptors for specific __________.

A

Tastants

33
Q

There are _____ tastants.

A

5

34
Q

What are the 5 tastants?

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

35
Q

The sense of smell relies on:

A

Chemoreceptors

36
Q

Sensory cells are __________.

A

Neurons

37
Q

Humans have more than 1000:

A

Odorant receptor genes

38
Q

Focusing is achieved by the shape of the __________.

A

Lens

39
Q

Focusing is achieved by the shape of the lens, controlled by:

A

Ciliary muscles

40
Q

The thicker the lens:

A

The more sharply light is bent

41
Q

The retina contains layers of __________ and __________.

A

Neurons, photoreceptors

42
Q

The retina contains _____ types of photoreceptors.

A

2

43
Q

What are the 2 types of photoreceptors the retina contains.

A

Rods and cones

44
Q

Sensitive to light; do not distinguish color.

A

Rods

45
Q

Color vision (red, green, blue), contribute little to night vision.

A

Cones

46
Q

Skeletal muscle is organized __________.

A

Hierarchically

47
Q

Attached to bones, striated.

A

Skeletal muscle

48
Q

Thin filament:

A

Actin

49
Q

Thick filament:

A

Myosin

50
Q

The hierarchical organization of skeletal muscle:

A

Muscle fiber —–> myofibril —–> thin filament (actin) —–> thick filament (myosin)

51
Q

Basic contractile unit of muscle.

A

Sarcomere

52
Q

Muslim contraction is achieved by:

A

Myosin-actin interaction

53
Q

__________ systems transform muscle contraction into locomotion.

A

Skeletal

54
Q

A typical adult human skeleton consists of _____ bones.

A

206

55
Q

The glomerulus is the site for:

A

Filtration

56
Q

The colored part of the vertebrate eye, formed by the anterior portion of the choroid.

A

Iris

57
Q

The structure in an eye that focuses light rays onto the photoreceptors.

A

Lens

58
Q

The innermost layer of the vertebrate eye, containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and neurons; transmits images formed by the lens to the brain via the optic nerve.

A

Retina

59
Q

Back-and-forth movement of a body part is generally accomplished by:

A

Antagonistic muscles

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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