Lecture 26-Sensory/Muscular/Skeletal System

Question 0

Detection of a stimulus by sensory cells.

Answer 0

Sensory receptors

Question 1

__________ __________ transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the CNS.

Answer 1

Sensory receptors

Question 2

Conversion of a stimulus to a change in membrane potential.

Answer 2

Transduction

Question 3

Transmission of sensory information through nervous system via action potentials.

Answer 3

Transmission

Question 4

Action potential reaching brain via sensory neurons.

Answer 4

Perception

Question 5

Transduction of stimuli by sensory receptors is subject __________ and __________.

Answer 5

Amplification and adaptation

Question 6

Strengthening of a sensory signal during transduction via enzyme catalyzed reactions.

Answer 6

Amplification

Question 7

Decrease in responsiveness upon continued stimulation.

Answer 7

Sensory adaptation

Question 8

__________ do not adapt.

Answer 8

Nociceptors

Question 9

There are_____ types of sensory receptors.

Answer 9

5

Question 10

What are the 5 types of sensory receptors?

Answer 10

Mechanoreceptors, electromagnetic receptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and nociceptors

Question 11

What types of stimuli do mechanoreceptors respond to?

Answer 11

Pressure, touch, stretch, motion, and sound

Question 12

What types of stimuli do electromagnetic receptors respond to?

Answer 12

Visible light, electricity, and magnetism

Question 13

What types of stimuli do thermoreceptors respond to?

Answer 13

Heat and cold

Question 14

What types of stimuli do chemoreceptors respond to?

Answer 14

Smell and taste

Question 15

What types of stimuli do nociceptors respond to?

Answer 15

Pain

Question 16

Human skin has __________, __________, and __________.

Answer 16

Mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors

Question 17

Transduction of pressure waves into nerve impulses.

Answer 17

Hearing

Question 18

Hearing uses what kind of receptors?

Answer 18

Mechanoreceptors

Question 19

Human ears are divided into _____ areas.

Answer 19

5

Question 20

Collects and channels sound waves.

Answer 20

Outer ears

Question 21

Transmits vibrations.

Answer 21

Middle ear

Question 22

Transduction in cochlea.

Answer 22

Inner ear

Question 23

Transduction in the cochlea relies on __________ __________ and __________ __________.

Answer 23

Hair cells, basilar membrane

Question 24

The human ear is also an organ of __________ and __________.

Answer 24

Balance, equilibrium

Question 25

Mechanoreceptors in the inner ear detect equilibrium using:

Answer 25

Moving fluid

Question 26

Detect angular movement (have three spatial planes).

Answer 26

Semicircular canals

Question 27

Detect position and linear acceleration.

Answer 27

Utricle and saccule

Question 28

The sense of taste relies on:

Answer 28

Chemoreceptors

Question 29

Taste receptor cells in tongue and mouth.

Answer 29

Taste buds

Question 30

Taste receptor cells are also __________ cells.

Answer 30

Epithelial

Question 31

Any region of the tongue with taste buds can taste:

Answer 31

Any if the five types

Question 32

There are specific receptors for specific __________.

Answer 32

Tastants

Question 33

There are _____ tastants.

Answer 33

5

Question 34

What are the 5 tastants?

Answer 34

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

Question 35

The sense of smell relies on:

Answer 35

Chemoreceptors

Question 36

Sensory cells are __________.

Answer 36

Neurons

Question 37

Humans have more than 1000:

Answer 37

Odorant receptor genes

Question 38

Focusing is achieved by the shape of the __________.

Answer 38

Lens

Question 39

Focusing is achieved by the shape of the lens, controlled by:

Answer 39

Ciliary muscles

Question 40

The thicker the lens:

Answer 40

The more sharply light is bent

Question 41

The retina contains layers of __________ and __________.

Answer 41

Neurons, photoreceptors

Question 42

The retina contains _____ types of photoreceptors.

Answer 42

2

Question 43

What are the 2 types of photoreceptors the retina contains.

Answer 43

Rods and cones

Question 44

Sensitive to light; do not distinguish color.

Answer 44

Rods

Question 45

Color vision (red, green, blue), contribute little to night vision.

Answer 45

Cones

Question 46

Skeletal muscle is organized __________.

Answer 46

Hierarchically

Question 47

Attached to bones, striated.

Answer 47

Skeletal muscle

Question 48

Thin filament:

Answer 48

Actin

Question 49

Thick filament:

Answer 49

Myosin

Question 50

The hierarchical organization of skeletal muscle:

Answer 50

Muscle fiber -----> myofibril -----> thin filament (actin) -----> thick filament (myosin)

Question 51

Basic contractile unit of muscle.

Answer 51

Sarcomere

Question 52

Muslim contraction is achieved by:

Answer 52

Myosin-actin interaction

Question 53

__________ systems transform muscle contraction into locomotion.

Answer 53

Skeletal

Question 54

A typical adult human skeleton consists of _____ bones.

Answer 54

206

Question 55

The glomerulus is the site for:

Answer 55

Filtration

Question 56

The colored part of the vertebrate eye, formed by the anterior portion of the choroid.

Answer 56

Iris

Question 57

The structure in an eye that focuses light rays onto the photoreceptors.

Answer 57

Lens

Question 58

The innermost layer of the vertebrate eye, containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and neurons; transmits images formed by the lens to the brain via the optic nerve.

Answer 58

Retina

Question 59

Back-and-forth movement of a body part is generally accomplished by:

Answer 59

Antagonistic muscles