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Biology 2 > Lecture 20-Circulatory and Respiratory System > Flashcards

Lecture 20-Circulatory and Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Animals depend on oxygen because it provides:

A

Chemical fuel for cellular respiration

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2
Q

All cells need __________.

A

Fuel

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3
Q

Animals engage in constant gas exchange, or __________, with the environment.

A

Respiration

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4
Q

Gas exchange is different from the __________ __________ of cellular respiration.

A

Energy transformation

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5
Q

Gas exchange must take place across moist respiratory surfaces by __________.

A

Diffusion

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6
Q

Gas exchange must take place across __________ respiratory surfaces by diffusion.

A

Moist

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7
Q

All respiratory surfaces have __________ surface areas.

A

Large

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8
Q

Mammals have:

A

Lungs

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9
Q

Insects have a:

A

Tracheal system

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10
Q

Fish have:

A

Gills

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11
Q

Mammals ventilate by negative pressure breathing powered by the __________.

A

Diaphragm

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12
Q

Mammals ventilate by __________ __________ __________ powered by the diaphragm.

A

Negative pressure breathing

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13
Q

Movement of the respiratory medium (O2 and CO2) over the respiratory surface (lungs).

A

Ventilation

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14
Q

Air travels through:

A

Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli

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15
Q

__________ are where gas exchange occurs in mammals.

A

Alveoli

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16
Q

The circulatory system is a __________ system.

A

Transport

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17
Q

The circulatory delivers:

A

O2, CO2, nutrients, and water

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18
Q

The circulatory system consists of these three components:

A

Circulatory fluid (blood), interconnecting tubes (blood vessels), and a muscular pump (heart)

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19
Q

__________ consists of cells suspended in plasma.

A

Blood

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20
Q

Water, ions, plasma proteins, substances transported by blood (nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones).

A

Plasma

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21
Q

White blood cells are also called:

A

Leukocytes

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22
Q

Leukocytes are for:

A

Defense and immunity

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23
Q

Platelets are for:

A

Blood clotting

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24
Q

Red blood cells are also called:

A

Erythrocytes

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25
Erythrocytes are for the transport of __________ via __________.
Oxygen, hemoglobin
26
These carry blood between the heart and organs.
Blood vessels
27
__________ carry blood AWAY from the heart TO the organs.
Arteries
28
__________ carry blood FROM the organs BACK TO the heart.
Veins
29
The vessels are defined by __________ of blood flow.
Direction
30
The vessels are NOT defined by their __________ __________.
Oxygen content
31
The __________ is a muscular pump powering blood circulation.
Heart
32
The heart is made up mostly of __________ muscle.
Cardiac
33
The human heart has how many chambers?
4
34
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right and left atrium, right and left ventricles
35
The heart contracts and relaxes in a __________ cycle.
Rhythmic
36
The human heart rate is about _____ beats per minutes.
72
37
One complete sequence of pumping and filling.
Cardiac cycle
38
Contraction phase.
Systole
39
Relaxation phase.
Diastole
40
Heart rhythm is maintained by the __________.
Pacemaker
41
Sets the rate and timing of cardiac muscle cell contraction.
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
42
Relay point.
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
43
Heart rhythm is affected by things such as:
Nerves, hormones, body temperature, and exercise
44
__________ __________ __________ and __________ __________ vary throughout the circulatory system.
Blood flow velocity, blood pressure
45
__________: fastest in arteries, slowest is capillaries, medium in veins.
Velocity
46
Velocity is fastest in __________.
Arteries
47
Velocity is slowest in __________.
Capillaries
48
Velocity is medium in __________.
Veins
49
__________ __________: highest in arteries, lowest in veins, medium in capillaries.
Blood pressure
50
Blood pressure is highest in __________.
Arteries
51
Blood pressure is lowest in __________.
Veins
52
Blood pressure is medium in __________.
Capillaries
53
__________ consists of cells suspended in plasma.
Blood
54
__________ consists of water, ions, plasma proteins, substances transported by blood.
Plasma
55
White blood cells are also known as:
Leukocytes
56
Red blood cells are also known as:
Erythrocytes
57
Leukocytes are for __________ and __________.
Defense and immunity
58
Blood flow in capillaries is controlled by:
Precapillary sphincters
59
At any given time, only about __________% of the capillaries have blood flowing through them.
5-10%
60
Only __________ __________ are filled to capacity.
Vital capacity
61
Blood flow to the veins is powered by:
Skeletal pumping
62
These keep blood moving toward the heart.
One-way valves
63
What happens when one-way valves malfunction?
Varicose veins
64
Arthropods and most mollusks have __________ circulatory systems.
Open
65
In open circulatory systems, __________ bathes body cells.
Hemolymph
66
Annelids, cephalopods, and all vertebrates have __________ circulatory systems.
Closed
67
In closed circulatory systems, blood is confined to __________ and a __________ pumps blood.
Vessels, heart
68
Fish have __________ circulation.
Single
69
In __________ __________, blood passes through two capillary beds before returning to the heart.
Single circulation
70
Amphibians, reptiles, and mammals have __________ circulation.
Double
71
In __________ __________ there are two separate circuits.
Double circulation
72
The two separate circuits in double circulation are:
Pulmonary and systemic

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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