Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 2 > Lecture 20-Circulatory and Respiratory System > Flashcards

Lecture 20-Circulatory and Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Animals depend on oxygen because it provides:

A

Chemical fuel for cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All cells need __________.

A

Fuel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Animals engage in constant gas exchange, or __________, with the environment.

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gas exchange is different from the __________ __________ of cellular respiration.

A

Energy transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gas exchange must take place across moist respiratory surfaces by __________.

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gas exchange must take place across __________ respiratory surfaces by diffusion.

A

Moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

All respiratory surfaces have __________ surface areas.

A

Large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mammals have:

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Insects have a:

A

Tracheal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fish have:

A

Gills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mammals ventilate by negative pressure breathing powered by the __________.

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mammals ventilate by __________ __________ __________ powered by the diaphragm.

A

Negative pressure breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Movement of the respiratory medium (O2 and CO2) over the respiratory surface (lungs).

A

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Air travels through:

A

Larynx -> Trachea -> Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

__________ are where gas exchange occurs in mammals.

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The circulatory system is a __________ system.

A

Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The circulatory delivers:

A

O2, CO2, nutrients, and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The circulatory system consists of these three components:

A

Circulatory fluid (blood), interconnecting tubes (blood vessels), and a muscular pump (heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

__________ consists of cells suspended in plasma.

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Water, ions, plasma proteins, substances transported by blood (nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones).

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

White blood cells are also called:

A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Leukocytes are for:

A

Defense and immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Platelets are for:

A

Blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Red blood cells are also called:

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Erythrocytes are for the transport of __________ via __________.

A

Oxygen, hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

These carry blood between the heart and organs.

A

Blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

__________ carry blood AWAY from the heart TO the organs.

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

__________ carry blood FROM the organs BACK TO the heart.

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The vessels are defined by __________ of blood flow.

30
Q

The vessels are NOT defined by their __________ __________.

A

Oxygen content

31
Q

The __________ is a muscular pump powering blood circulation.

32
Q

The heart is made up mostly of __________ muscle.

33
Q

The human heart has how many chambers?

34
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right and left atrium, right and left ventricles

35
Q

The heart contracts and relaxes in a __________ cycle.

36
Q

The human heart rate is about _____ beats per minutes.

37
Q

One complete sequence of pumping and filling.

A

Cardiac cycle

38
Q

Contraction phase.

39
Q

Relaxation phase.

40
Q

Heart rhythm is maintained by the __________.

41
Q

Sets the rate and timing of cardiac muscle cell contraction.

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

42
Q

Relay point.

A

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

43
Q

Heart rhythm is affected by things such as:

A

Nerves, hormones, body temperature, and exercise

44
Q

__________ __________ __________ and __________ __________ vary throughout the circulatory system.

A

Blood flow velocity, blood pressure

45
Q

__________: fastest in arteries, slowest is capillaries, medium in veins.

46
Q

Velocity is fastest in __________.

47
Q

Velocity is slowest in __________.

A

Capillaries

48
Q

Velocity is medium in __________.

49
Q

__________ __________: highest in arteries, lowest in veins, medium in capillaries.

A

Blood pressure

50
Q

Blood pressure is highest in __________.

51
Q

Blood pressure is lowest in __________.

52
Q

Blood pressure is medium in __________.

A

Capillaries

53
Q

__________ consists of cells suspended in plasma.

54
Q

__________ consists of water, ions, plasma proteins, substances transported by blood.

55
Q

White blood cells are also known as:

A

Leukocytes

56
Q

Red blood cells are also known as:

A

Erythrocytes

57
Q

Leukocytes are for __________ and __________.

A

Defense and immunity

58
Q

Blood flow in capillaries is controlled by:

A

Precapillary sphincters

59
Q

At any given time, only about __________% of the capillaries have blood flowing through them.

60
Q

Only __________ __________ are filled to capacity.

A

Vital capacity

61
Q

Blood flow to the veins is powered by:

A

Skeletal pumping

62
Q

These keep blood moving toward the heart.

A

One-way valves

63
Q

What happens when one-way valves malfunction?

A

Varicose veins

64
Q

Arthropods and most mollusks have __________ circulatory systems.

65
Q

In open circulatory systems, __________ bathes body cells.

66
Q

Annelids, cephalopods, and all vertebrates have __________ circulatory systems.

67
Q

In closed circulatory systems, blood is confined to __________ and a __________ pumps blood.

A

Vessels, heart

68
Q

Fish have __________ circulation.

69
Q

In __________ __________, blood passes through two capillary beds before returning to the heart.

A

Single circulation

70
Q

Amphibians, reptiles, and mammals have __________ circulation.

71
Q

In __________ __________ there are two separate circuits.

A

Double circulation

72
Q

The two separate circuits in double circulation are:

A

Pulmonary and systemic

Biology 2 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions