Lecture 11-Plant Diversity I Flashcards
Plants are __________ organisms that evolved from semi-aquatic __________.
Terrestrial, algae
All land plants derived from __________ __________
Terrestrial algae
All plants are: __________, __________, __________, and __________.
Multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic, and cell walls contain cellulose
__________ are the closest land plant relative.
Charophyceans
__________ often inhabit shallow, ephemeral waters.
Charophyceans
Shared characteristic #1 between plants are charophyceans:
Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis
Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis (in plants and charophyceans) instead of __________ complexes.
Linear
Shared characteristic #2 between plants and charophyceans:
Similar peroxisome enzymes
Plants and charophyceans have similar __________ enzymes.
Peroxisome
Shared characteristic #3 between plants and charophyceans:
Similar flagellated sperm structure
Specialized microtubles:
Phragmoplast
Shared characteristic #4 between plants and charophyceans:
Phragmoplast forms during cell division
Non-vascular plants dominated for ________.
100 MY
Land plant invasion was during the __________ period.
Ordovician
The Ordovician period was __________
480 MYA
Terrestrial adaptations of plants include the formation of __________ and __________.
Cuticles, Sporopollenin
Epidermal polymers that act as waterproofing are called:
Cuticles
__________ is a durable polymer that prevents spores/pollen from drying out.
Sporopollenin
__________ kept plants from desiccating in an arid environment.
Cuticles
Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and buds of shoots. The dividing cells of this enables plants to grow in length.
Apical meristem
A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae.
Alternation of generations
The 5 unique plant characteristics are:
Apical meristems, alternation of generations, walled spores in sporangia, multicellular gametangia, and multicellular dependent embryos
A gamete producing organ
Gametangia
The process in which each generation gives rise to the other.
Alternation of generations
Multicellular sporangia that produce spores with __________-enriched walls are key terrestrial adaptations of land plants.
Sporopollenin
Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots:
Apical meristems
Shoot apical meristems generate __________ in most plants.
Leaves
In bryophytes, the __________ is the dominant life stage.
Gametophyte
Bryophytes are __________, _________ plants.
Non-vascular, seedless
Male gametangia.
Antheridia
Female gametangia.
Archegonium
Non-vascular, seedless plants possess:
Antheridia and archegonium
A __________ grows from the archegonium.
Sporophyte
Reproduction in non-vascular, seedless plants is __________ dependent.
Water
Reproduction in non-vascular, seedless plants is water dependent due to what?
Flagellated sperm
Bryophyte taxa is made up of:
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
Marchanctia =
Liverworts
Anthoceros =
Hornworts
Polytrichum =
Mosses
The fact that the reproduction of non-vascular, seedless plants is dependent on water limits it range to:
Damp environments
Non-vascular, seedless plants are __________ in size.
Restrained
Water/mineral transport:
Xylem
Sugar/organics transport. Transports products of photosynthesis.
Phloem
In vascular plants, the __________ is the dominant life stage.
Sporophyte
__________ anchor plants, absorb nutrients, and provide support.
Roots
Vascular plants have _________ and __________.
Roots and leaves
__________ __________ alleviates size constraints.
Vascular tissue
Dots of ferns:
Sonus
__________ __________ increases surface area for photosynthesis.
Vascular tissue
Spine-shaped leaf with a single strand of vascular tissue.
Microphyll
Broad leaf with a vascular network.
Megaphyll
_________ are evolved by branch webbing.
Megaphylls
Modified leaves that bear sporangia.
Sporophylls
When a single spore gives rise to both male and female plants, it is:
Homosporous
When the megaspore becomes female and the microspore becomes male, the plant is:
Heterosporous
Most seedless plants are:
Homosporous
All seed plants are:
Heterosporous
__________ __________ transformed land and the atmosphere.
Vascular plants
__________ __________ facilitated industrial revolution.
Vascular plants
