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Biology 2 > Lecture 16-Chordates I > Flashcards

Lecture 16-Chordates I Flashcards

1
Q

1st characteristic exhibited by all chordates:

A

Notochord

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2
Q

2nd characteristic exhibited by all chordates:

A

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

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3
Q

3rd characteristic exhibited by all chordates:

A

Pharyngeal slits

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4
Q

4th characteristic exhibited by all chordates:

A

Muscular post-anal tail

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5
Q

Longitudinal flexible rod of fluid filled cells.

A

Notochord

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6
Q

Located between the digestive tract and nerve cord.

A

Notochord

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7
Q

Provides skeletal support in higher vertebrates.

A

Notochord

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8
Q

Develops in CNS. Ventral located in other animals (e.g. Arthropods).

A

Dorsal hollow nerve chord

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9
Q

Allow water to pass through mouth without entering digestive tract.

A

Pharyngeal slits

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10
Q

Involved in filter feeding and respiration (as gills).

A

Pharyngeal slits

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11
Q

Allows for propulsion.

A

Muscular post-anal tail

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12
Q

All chordates exhibit all 4 characteristics at some point during development, but may not be present in the __________ __________.

A

Adult stage

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13
Q

__________, __________, and __________ are all Gnathostomes.

A

Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyans, and Tetrapoda

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14
Q

__________ exhibit all four characteristics as an adult.

A

Lancelets

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15
Q

Lancelets are _____-like, but are not _____.

A

Fish, fish

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16
Q

In lancelets, pharyngeal slits are used for filter feeding; __________ aid in this process.

A

Cirri

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17
Q

__________ produce mucus to trap suspended particles.

A

Cirri

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18
Q

Do lancelets have a respiratory system?

A

No

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19
Q

Lancelets exchange gas through their __________.

A

Skin

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20
Q

Lancelets have __________ circulatory systems.

A

Closed

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21
Q

Lancelets do NOT have a __________ or __________, and rarely have __________ cells.

A

Heart, hemoglobin, blood

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22
Q

_________ have mobile larvae morphologically similar to the lancelet.

A

Tunicates

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23
Q

During adult metamorphosis, tunicates lose _____ of 4 chordate characteristics and become __________.

A

3, sessile

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24
Q

The adult stage of the tunicate is a __________ __________ __________ (using mucus to trap food).

A

Sessile filter feeder

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25
Q

Do tunicates have circulatory systems?

A

Yes

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26
Q

In tunicates __________ __________ perform some gas exchange.

A

Pharyngeal slits

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27
Q

Chordates with heads.

A

Craniates

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28
Q

__________, __________, and __________ are all subgroups of chordates.

A

Craniates, vertebrates, and Gnathostomes

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29
Q

__________ are craniates.

A

Hagfish

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30
Q

Hagfish have a __________ skull.

A

Cartilaginous

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31
Q

Hagfish lack __________ and __________.

A

Jaws and vertebrae

32
Q

Hagfish produce __________ as an anti-predator defense.

33
Q

Chordates with vertebrae.

A

Vertebrates

34
Q

__________ are vertebrate chordates.

35
Q

Lampreys have a __________ vertebral column (not calcified).

A

Cartilaginous

36
Q

A lamprey’s cartilaginous vertebral column is not __________.

37
Q

Lampreys lack __________.

38
Q

__________ lampreys filter feed using mucus (like lancelets).

39
Q

Most __________ lampreys do not feed; some are parasitic and suck blood.

40
Q

Chordates with jaws and vertebrae.

A

Gnathostomes

41
Q

In gnathostomes, we now see the evolution of __________, __________ __________, and __________ ___________.

A

Jaws, paired fins, acquired immunity

42
Q

__________ evolve from skeletal rods supporting gill slits.

43
Q

Chondrichthyes consist of:

A

Sharks and rays

44
Q

Condrichthyes have __________ skeletons with some __________.

A

Cartilaginous, bones

45
Q

Ventrally flattened.

46
Q

Chondrichthyes are __________.

47
Q

Osteichthyans consist of:

48
Q

In Osteichthyans, we see the evolution of __________ __________.

A

Bony endoskeleton

49
Q

The two groups of Osteichthyans are:

A

Ray-fin fish and Lobe-fin fish

50
Q

Ray-fin fish have __________ lungs.

A

Rudimentary

51
Q

These fish have swim bladders.

A

Ray-fin fish

52
Q

Sharks and rays are __________ flattened (dorso).

53
Q

Ray-fin fish are __________ flattened.

54
Q

The most diverse of fish.

A

Ray-fin fish

55
Q

In lobe-fin fish, we see the evolution of fins with __________ __________ bones supporting __________.

A

Rod-shaped, muscle

56
Q

2,types of lobe-fin fish are:

A

Coelacanth and lung fish

57
Q

Coelacanth are thought to have been extinct for how long?

58
Q

__________ __________ have gills.

59
Q

Lung fish survive terrestrial desiccation via in the mud using a __________ __________.

A

Mucus cocoon

60
Q

In __________, we see the evolution of legs from lobe-finned lung fish.

61
Q

The Tiktaalik fossil posses both __________ and __________ characteristics.

A

Tetrapod and fish

62
Q

In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see fins with __________.

63
Q

In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see the evolution of a __________.

64
Q

In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see expanded __________.

65
Q

In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see __________ heads.

66
Q

The Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda) are likely to have lived in __________ __________.

A

Shallow waters

67
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 1st?

A
  1. The evolution of the 4 chordate characteristics
68
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 2nd?

69
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 3rd?

A

Vertebral column

70
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 4th?

A

Jaws, mineralized skeleton, paired fins

71
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 5th?

A

Lungs/lung derivatives

72
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 6th?

A

Lobed fins

73
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 7th?

74
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 8th?

A

Amniotic egg

75
Q

There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 9th?

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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