Lecture 16-Chordates I Flashcards
1st characteristic exhibited by all chordates:
Notochord
2nd characteristic exhibited by all chordates:
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
3rd characteristic exhibited by all chordates:
Pharyngeal slits
4th characteristic exhibited by all chordates:
Muscular post-anal tail
Longitudinal flexible rod of fluid filled cells.
Notochord
Located between the digestive tract and nerve cord.
Notochord
Provides skeletal support in higher vertebrates.
Notochord
Develops in CNS. Ventral located in other animals (e.g. Arthropods).
Dorsal hollow nerve chord
Allow water to pass through mouth without entering digestive tract.
Pharyngeal slits
Involved in filter feeding and respiration (as gills).
Pharyngeal slits
Allows for propulsion.
Muscular post-anal tail
All chordates exhibit all 4 characteristics at some point during development, but may not be present in the __________ __________.
Adult stage
__________, __________, and __________ are all Gnathostomes.
Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyans, and Tetrapoda
__________ exhibit all four characteristics as an adult.
Lancelets
Lancelets are _____-like, but are not _____.
Fish, fish
In lancelets, pharyngeal slits are used for filter feeding; __________ aid in this process.
Cirri
__________ produce mucus to trap suspended particles.
Cirri
Do lancelets have a respiratory system?
No
Lancelets exchange gas through their __________.
Skin
Lancelets have __________ circulatory systems.
Closed
Lancelets do NOT have a __________ or __________, and rarely have __________ cells.
Heart, hemoglobin, blood
_________ have mobile larvae morphologically similar to the lancelet.
Tunicates
During adult metamorphosis, tunicates lose _____ of 4 chordate characteristics and become __________.
3, sessile
The adult stage of the tunicate is a __________ __________ __________ (using mucus to trap food).
Sessile filter feeder
Do tunicates have circulatory systems?
Yes
In tunicates __________ __________ perform some gas exchange.
Pharyngeal slits
Chordates with heads.
Craniates
__________, __________, and __________ are all subgroups of chordates.
Craniates, vertebrates, and Gnathostomes
__________ are craniates.
Hagfish
Hagfish have a __________ skull.
Cartilaginous
Hagfish lack __________ and __________.
Jaws and vertebrae
Hagfish produce __________ as an anti-predator defense.
Slime
Chordates with vertebrae.
Vertebrates
__________ are vertebrate chordates.
Lampreys
Lampreys have a __________ vertebral column (not calcified).
Cartilaginous
A lamprey’s cartilaginous vertebral column is not __________.
Calcified
Lampreys lack __________.
Jaws
__________ lampreys filter feed using mucus (like lancelets).
Juvenile
Most __________ lampreys do not feed; some are parasitic and suck blood.
Adult
Chordates with jaws and vertebrae.
Gnathostomes
In gnathostomes, we now see the evolution of __________, __________ __________, and __________ ___________.
Jaws, paired fins, acquired immunity
__________ evolve from skeletal rods supporting gill slits.
Jaws
Chondrichthyes consist of:
Sharks and rays
Condrichthyes have __________ skeletons with some __________.
Cartilaginous, bones
Ventrally flattened.
Dorso
Chondrichthyes are __________.
Dorso
Osteichthyans consist of:
Bony fish
In Osteichthyans, we see the evolution of __________ __________.
Bony endoskeleton
The two groups of Osteichthyans are:
Ray-fin fish and Lobe-fin fish
Ray-fin fish have __________ lungs.
Rudimentary
These fish have swim bladders.
Ray-fin fish
Sharks and rays are __________ flattened (dorso).
Ventrally
Ray-fin fish are __________ flattened.
Laterally
The most diverse of fish.
Ray-fin fish
In lobe-fin fish, we see the evolution of fins with __________ __________ bones supporting __________.
Rod-shaped, muscle
2,types of lobe-fin fish are:
Coelacanth and lung fish
Coelacanth are thought to have been extinct for how long?
75 MY
__________ __________ have gills.
Lung fish
Lung fish survive terrestrial desiccation via in the mud using a __________ __________.
Mucus cocoon
In __________, we see the evolution of legs from lobe-finned lung fish.
Tetrapods
The Tiktaalik fossil posses both __________ and __________ characteristics.
Tetrapod and fish
In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see fins with __________.
Wrists
In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see the evolution of a __________.
Neck
In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see expanded __________.
Ribs
In the Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda), we see __________ heads.
Flat
The Tiktaalik fossil (Tetrapoda) are likely to have lived in __________ __________.
Shallow waters
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 1st?
- The evolution of the 4 chordate characteristics
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 2nd?
Head
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 3rd?
Vertebral column
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 4th?
Jaws, mineralized skeleton, paired fins
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 5th?
Lungs/lung derivatives
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 6th?
Lobed fins
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 7th?
Legs
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 8th?
Amniotic egg
There are 9 Important evolutionary adaptations in the chordates. Which is the 9th?
Milk