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Biology 2 > Lecture 29-Animal Behavior > Flashcards

Lecture 29-Animal Behavior Flashcards

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0
Q

Behavior is both __________ and __________ activities.

A

Muscular, non-muscular

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1
Q

Behavior is the sum of responses to what?

A

External and internal stimuli

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2
Q

Study of ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior.

A

Behavioral ecology

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3
Q

Who thought of the four questions in behavioral ecology?

A

Niko Tinbergen

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4
Q

A sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus; unchangeable; once initiated, usually carried to completion.

A

Fixed action patterns

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5
Q

A change in activity of turning rate in response to a stimulus.

A

Kinesis

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6
Q

An oriented movement toward (positive) or away from (negative) a stimulus.

A

Taxis

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9
Q

Circadian clock, circannual rhythms, lunar cycle.

A

Biological rhythm

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10
Q

A stimulus transmitted from one animal to another.

A

Signal

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11
Q

Transmission and reception of signals.

A

Communication

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12
Q

Typically males generating stimulus that guides the behavior of females.

A

Courtship

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13
Q

What is the Proximate Question on Mechanism?

A

What stimulus elicits the behavior, and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?

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14
Q

Modification of behavior based on specific experiences.

A

Learning

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15
Q

A loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no new information (getting used to stimuli).

A

Habituation

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16
Q

Formation of a specific stage in life of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object (stimuli get stuck for life).

A

Imprinting

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17
Q

A limited developmental phase when certain behaviors can be learned; irreversible.

A

Sensitive period

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18
Q

What is another term for the sensitive period?

A

Critical period

19
Q

Establishment of a memory that reflects the environment’s spatial structure.

A

Spatial learning

20
Q

The ability to associate one environmental feature with another.

A

Associative learning

21
Q

2 types of associate learning:

A

Classical conditioning and operating conditioning

22
Q

Trial and error learning.

A

Operant conditioning

23
Q

Arbitrary stimulus becomes associated with a particular outcome (dog salivating when it hears a bell ring).

A

Classical conditioning

24
Q

Examples of operant conditioning:

A

Blue jay and a toxic caterpillar

25
Q

Process of knowing represented by awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement.

A

Cognition

26
Q

Cognition can be established from:

A

Problem solving and learning from others

27
Q

Both genetic makeup (or __________) and environmental conditions (or __________) contribute to the development of behaviors.

A

Nature, nurture

28
Q

Young of one species are placed in the care of adults from another species in what kind if study?

A

Cross-fostering study

29
Q

Studies the behavior of identical twins raised apart.

A

Twin studies

30
Q

What is the Question of Ontogeny?

A

How does the animal’s experience during growth and development influence the response?

31
Q

The genetic components of behavior evolve through __________ __________ for traits that enhance survival and reproductive success __________ in a population.

A

Natural selection, fitness

32
Q

Food-obtaining behavior.

A

Foraging

33
Q

In this model, natural selection should favor a foraging behavior that minimizes the costs of foraging and maximizes the benefits.

A

Optimal foraging model

34
Q

A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.

A

Sexual selection

35
Q

Sexual selection is made up of:

A

Female choice and male-male competition

36
Q

An approach to evaluating alternative strategies in situations where the outcome of a particular strategy depends on the strategies used by other individuals.

A

Game theory

37
Q

Example of game theory:

A

Side-blotched lizards

38
Q

What is the Ultimate Question on Adaptation?

A

How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction?

39
Q

Differences in behavior between populations or species can be attributed to:

A

Different evolutionary history

40
Q

What is the Ultimate Question on Phylogeny?

A

What is the behavior’s evolutionary history?

42
Q

A regular, long-distance change in location.

A

Migration

47
Q

4 types of taxis?

A

Phototaxis, chemotaxis, thermotaxis, and phonotaxis

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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