Lecture 29-Animal Behavior

Question 0

Behavior is both __________ and __________ activities.

Answer 0

Muscular, non-muscular

Question 1

Behavior is the sum of responses to what?

Answer 1

External and internal stimuli

Question 2

Study of ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior.

Answer 2

Behavioral ecology

Question 3

Who thought of the four questions in behavioral ecology?

Answer 3

Niko Tinbergen

Question 4

A sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus; unchangeable; once initiated, usually carried to completion.

Answer 4

Fixed action patterns

Question 5

A change in activity of turning rate in response to a stimulus.

Answer 5

Kinesis

Question 6

An oriented movement toward (positive) or away from (negative) a stimulus.

Answer 6

Taxis

Question 9

Circadian clock, circannual rhythms, lunar cycle.

Answer 9

Biological rhythm

Question 10

A stimulus transmitted from one animal to another.

Answer 10

Signal

Question 11

Transmission and reception of signals.

Answer 11

Communication

Question 12

Typically males generating stimulus that guides the behavior of females.

Answer 12

Courtship

Question 13

What is the Proximate Question on Mechanism?

Answer 13

What stimulus elicits the behavior, and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response?

Question 14

Modification of behavior based on specific experiences.

Answer 14

Learning

Question 15

A loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no new information (getting used to stimuli).

Answer 15

Habituation

Question 16

Formation of a specific stage in life of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object (stimuli get stuck for life).

Answer 16

Imprinting

Question 17

A limited developmental phase when certain behaviors can be learned; irreversible.

Answer 17

Sensitive period

Question 18

What is another term for the sensitive period?

Answer 18

Critical period

Question 19

Establishment of a memory that reflects the environment’s spatial structure.

Answer 19

Spatial learning

Question 20

The ability to associate one environmental feature with another.

Answer 20

Associative learning

Question 21

2 types of associate learning:

Answer 21

Classical conditioning and operating conditioning

Question 22

Trial and error learning.

Answer 22

Operant conditioning

Question 23

Arbitrary stimulus becomes associated with a particular outcome (dog salivating when it hears a bell ring).

Answer 23

Classical conditioning

Question 24

Examples of operant conditioning:

Answer 24

Blue jay and a toxic caterpillar

Question 25

Process of knowing represented by awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement.

Answer 25

Cognition

Question 26

Cognition can be established from:

Answer 26

Problem solving and learning from others

Question 27

Both genetic makeup (or __________) and environmental conditions (or __________) contribute to the development of behaviors.

Answer 27

Nature, nurture

Question 28

Young of one species are placed in the care of adults from another species in what kind if study?

Answer 28

Cross-fostering study

Question 29

Studies the behavior of identical twins raised apart.

Answer 29

Twin studies

Question 30

What is the Question of Ontogeny?

Answer 30

How does the animal's experience during growth and development influence the response?

Question 31

The genetic components of behavior evolve through __________ __________ for traits that enhance survival and reproductive success __________ in a population.

Answer 31

Natural selection, fitness

Question 32

Food-obtaining behavior.

Answer 32

Foraging

Question 33

In this model, natural selection should favor a foraging behavior that minimizes the costs of foraging and maximizes the benefits.

Answer 33

Optimal foraging model

Question 34

A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.

Answer 34

Sexual selection

Question 35

Sexual selection is made up of:

Answer 35

Female choice and male-male competition

Question 36

An approach to evaluating alternative strategies in situations where the outcome of a particular strategy depends on the strategies used by other individuals.

Answer 36

Game theory

Question 37

Example of game theory:

Answer 37

Side-blotched lizards

Question 38

What is the Ultimate Question on Adaptation?

Answer 38

How does the behavior aid survival and reproduction?

Question 39

Differences in behavior between populations or species can be attributed to:

Answer 39

Different evolutionary history

Question 40

What is the Ultimate Question on Phylogeny?

Answer 40

What is the behavior's evolutionary history?

Question 42

A regular, long-distance change in location.

Answer 42

Migration

Question 47

4 types of taxis?

Answer 47

Phototaxis, chemotaxis, thermotaxis, and phonotaxis