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Biology 2 > Lecture 23-Endocrine System > Flashcards

Lecture 23-Endocrine System Flashcards

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0
Q

The endocrine system transmits __________ to receptive cells throughout the body via __________.

A

Hormones, blood

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1
Q

The endocrine system coordinates body activities such as:

A

Digestion and metabolism

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2
Q

The endocrine system affects __________ _____ __________ regions throughout the body.

A

One or more

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3
Q

The endocrine system is relatively __________ acting, but has __________ lasting effects.

A

Slow, long

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4
Q

Hormones are the __________ __________ for the endocrine system.

A

Signal molecules

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5
Q

Hormones are secreted by __________ __________.

A

Endocrine cells

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6
Q

Endocrine cells are found in __________ or from __________ __________.

A

Organs, endocrine glands

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7
Q

Endocrine cells only bind to target cells with:

A

Specific receptors

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8
Q

Endocrine cells regulate:

A

Reproduction, development, energy metabolism, growth, behavior, etc.

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9
Q

Hormones vary in characteristics and the __________ determines the location of receptors in target cells.

A

Solubility

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10
Q

Types of water-soluble hormones are:

A

Polypeptides and amines

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11
Q

Types of fat-soluble hormones are:

A

Steroids and amines

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12
Q

Hormones that are water-soluble have __________ __________ receptors.

A

Plasma membrane

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13
Q

Hormones that are fat-soluble have __________ __________ receptors.

A

Cell nucleus

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14
Q

The target response in water-soluble hormones is:

A

A change in cytoplasmic function or gene transcription.

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15
Q

The target response in fat-soluble hormones is:

A

A binding to intracellular signal receptors, activating gene transcription

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16
Q

The target response for water-soluble hormones requires:

A

ATP

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17
Q

One hormone can have different effects in different:

A

Targets

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18
Q

The 6 endocrine glands/organs are:

A

The hypothalamus, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreas, and adrenal glands

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19
Q

The __________ and __________ __________ are both in the brain.

A

Hypothalamus, pineal gland

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20
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Between the small intestine and stomach

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21
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

On top of the kidneys

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22
Q

What hormones are produced by the hypothalamus?

A

Hypothalamic hormones and neurohormones

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23
Q

What hormone is produced by the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

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24
Q

What hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?

A

TSH

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25
Q

What hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands?

A

Parathyroid hormones

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26
Q

What hormones are produced by the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon

27
Q

What hormones are produced by the adrenal glands?

A

Estrogen, progesterone, steroids, cortisol, cortisone

28
Q

Links nervous system to endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

29
Q

Maintains metabolic processes.

A

Thyroid gland

30
Q

Regulates blood calcium levels.

A

Parathyroid gland

31
Q

Keeps biorhythm.

A

Pineal gland

32
Q

Controls blood sugar levels and helps digest food.

A

Pancreas

33
Q

Elicits a fight or flight response.

A

Adrenal glands

34
Q

Posterior pituitary gland produces __________ __________ which regulates blood molarity.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

35
Q

__________ __________ __________ produces antidiuretic hormone which regulates blood molarity.

A

Posterior pituitary gland

36
Q

Normally, blood osmolarity is:

A

300mOsm/L

37
Q

ADH __________ water permeability in the nephron.

A

Increases

38
Q

ADH increases water permeability in the nephron. This leads to:

A

More water reabsorption

39
Q

If normal blood osmolarity increases, osmoreceptors in the __________ trigger the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland.

A

Hypothalamus

40
Q

The __________ __________ __________ is a master gland that produces many hormones.

A

Anterior pituitary gland

41
Q

The anterior pituitary gland specifically produces many __________ __________.

A

Tropic hormones

42
Q

Tropic hormones regulate the function of:

A

Endocrine cells or glands

43
Q

__________ __________ is one the the hormones produced by anterior pituitary gland.

A

Growth hormone

44
Q

A benign tumor of the pituitary gland can cause continuous and excessive growth hormone production, which results in a condition known as:

A

Acromegaly

45
Q

The __________ __________ produces hormones to stimulate and maintain metabolic processes.

A

Thyroid gland

46
Q

Too little thyroid function can result in:

A

Weight gain, lethargy, and intolerance to cold

47
Q

Too much thyroid function can result in:

A

High body temperature, sweating, weight loss, irritability, and high blood pressure

48
Q

Bulging eyes and goiters are characteristic of:

A

Graves’ diseases

49
Q

The __________ __________ produces hormones to regulate blood calcium level.

A

Parathyroid gland

50
Q

If blood calcium level falls below normal range, PTH stimulates calcium uptake in __________ of the excretory system and __________ in the digestive system.

A

Kidneys, intestines

51
Q

If blood calcium level falls below normal range, PTH stimulates calcium calcium release from __________.

A

Bone *this is important for bone growth

52
Q

The pancreas produces hormones that regulate blood __________ levels.

A

Glucose

53
Q

Lowers blood glucose levels.

A

Insulin

54
Q

Insulin is produced from __________ cells.

A

Beta

55
Q

Increases blood glucose levels.

A

Glucagon

56
Q

Glucagon is produced from __________ cells.

A

Alpha

57
Q

Insulin and glucagon are both __________ and __________ hormones.

A

Water-soluble, polypeptide

58
Q

___________ is the deficiency of insulin or decreased response to insulin in target tissues.

A

Diabetes

59
Q

Insulin-dependent diabetes. Autoimmune disorder (immune system destroys beta cells of the pancreas).

A

Type 1 diabetes

60
Q

Non insulin-dependent diabetes. Target cells fail to take up glucose from blood, resulting in general insulin deficiency.

A

Type 2 diabetes

61
Q

Adrenal glands produces hormones in response to __________.

A

Stress

62
Q

For short term stress, adrenal glands produce __________ and __________.

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

63
Q

For long term stress, adrenal glands produce __________ and __________.

A

Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

64
Q

During fight-or-flight response, what in our bodies increases?

A

Blood glucose, blood pressure, and metabolic rate

65
Q

During fight-or-flight, what changes?

A

Blood flow patterns

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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