Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 2 > Lecture 27-Plant Anatomy and Growth > Flashcards

Lecture 27-Plant Anatomy and Growth Flashcards

0
Q

Plants have a __________ organization consisting of organs, tissues, and cells.

A

Hierarchical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Angiosperms constitute _____% of all plant species.

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.

A

Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions.

A

Organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 types of organs in plants.

A

Roots, stems, and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 organ systems in a plant?

A

Root system and shoot system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the root system?

A

Roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the shoot system?

A

Stems and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do roots do?

A

Provide anchor, absorb minerals and water, and store carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

One main vertical root, giving rise to the lateral roots.

A

Taproot system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Branch roots.

A

Lateral roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The taproot system is for:

A

Support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelial projections that are short-lived, constantly replaced, thin, tubular extension of root epidermal cells.

A

Root hairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Root hairs are for:

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Root hairs provide this to maximize water absorption.

A

A large surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Some species have evolved storage roots for storing:

A

Food and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of species that have evolved storage roots for storing food or water:

A

Carrots, beets, and turnips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________ __________ are roots above ground.

A

Aerial roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

An example of aerial roots are __________ __________. These support and gather nutrients.

A

Buttress roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An example of aerial roots are __________. These are for oxygen absorption in “water logged” habitats.

A

Pneumatophores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stems consist if an alternating system of __________ and __________.

A

Nodes, internodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stems conduct __________ and __________ and provide __________ __________.

A

Fluids, gases, structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where leaves are attached.

A

Nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Segments between nodes.

A

Internodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Forms lateral shoot (i.e. branch).
Auxiliary bed
25
Causes elongation of young shoot.
Apical bud
26
There are many __________ of stems and also leaves in plants.
Modifications
27
A modification of the stem found in roses is:
Thorns
28
A modification of the stem found in potatoes and used as an underground storage stem.
Tubers
29
A modification of the stem found in ginger and used as an underground stem.
Rhizomes
30
A modification of the stem found in strawberries and used as a horizontal stem.
Stolon
31
The leaf is the main site for __________ and __________ __________.
Photosynthesis, gas exchange
32
A modification of leaves found in aloe plants that store water and food.
Succulent leaf
33
A modification of leaves found in bougainvillea that attract pollinators.
Bract (leaves in these are bright)
34
A modification of leaves found in cacti that are used for protection.
Spines
35
There are _____ tissue system in each plant organ.
3
36
The __________ __________ is a functional unit connecting all of the plant's organs.
Tissue system
37
What are the 3 tissue systems in each plant organ?
Dermal, vascular, and ground
38
Outer protective covering.
Dermal tissue system
39
In nonwoody plants and young plants, the outer protective covering (dermal) is the:
Epidermis
40
In leaves and stems the outer protective covering (dermal) is the:
Cuticle
41
In woody plants the outer protective covering (dermal) is the:
Periderm
42
In these, the outer protective covering (dermal) is the epidermis.
Nonwoody plants and young plants
43
In these, the outer protective covering (dermal) is the cuticle.
Leaves and stems
44
In these, the outer protective covering (dermal) is the periderm.
Woody plants
45
A waxy coating that prevents water loss.
Cuticle
46
Protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots.
Periderm
47
A layer of tightly packed cells.
Epidermis
48
Long-distance transport of materials between roots and shoots.
Vascular tissue system
49
What are the 3 components of the vascular tissue system?
Xylem, phloem, and stele
50
Conducts water and minerals upwards from roots into the shoots.
Xylem
51
Transports sugars from where they are made to where they are needed.
Phloem
52
Collective term for vascular tissue of a root or stem (arrangement varies).
Stele
53
Includes specialized cells for storage, photosynthesis, and support.
Ground tissue system
54
Internal to vascular tissue.
Pith
55
External to vascular tissue.
Cortex
56
Leaves, stems, and roots contain _____ tissue systems.
3 (Dermal, vascular, and ground)
57
The dermal tissue system of the leaf contains:
Guard cells. Upper and lower epidermis, and epidermal cells
58
The vascular tissue system of the leaf contains:
Xylem, phloem, and a vein
59
The ground tissue system of the leaf contains:
Bundle sheath cells, and palisade & spongy mesophyll
60
The dermal tissue system of the stem contains:
Epidermis
61
The vascular tissue system of the stem contains:
Xylem, phloem, sclerenchyma (fiber cells), and vascular bundle
62
Fiber cells
Schlerenchyma
63
The ground tissue system of the stem contains:
Cortex, pith, and the ground tissue connecting the pith to the cortex
64
The dermal tissue system of the roots contains:
Epidermis
65
The vascular tissue system of the roots contains:
Xylem, phloem, vascular cylinder, pericycle, and a core of parenchyma cells
66
The ground tissue system of the roots contains:
Cortex and endodermis
67
Plants undergo __________ growth.
Indeterminate
68
Plants have perpetually embryonic tissues called:
Meristems
69
Primary growth =
Length
70
Secondary growth =
Girth
71
Apical meristems have __________ growth.
Primary
72
Lateral meristems have __________ growth.
Secondary
73
Vascular cambium and cork cambium
Lateral meristems
74
Tips of roots/shoots, axiliary buds of shoots.
Apical meristems
75
Primary growth of roots occurs behind the tip in _____ overlapping zones of cells.
3
76
What are the 3 overlapping zones of cells?
Zones of cell division, elongation, and differentiation
77
Protects apical meristem; secretes a polysaccharide slime that lubricates soil.
Root cap
78
Root apical meristem and its derivatives.
Zone of cell division.
79
Where cells become distinct cell types.
Zone of differentiation
80
Where most of the growth occurs as root cells get longer.
Zone of elongation
81
Primary growth of shoots occurs at:
Apical meristems
82
Shoot apical meristem is a _____-shaped mass of dividing cells at the shoot tip.
Dome
83
Leaves develop from:
Leaf primordia
84
Shoot elongation is due to:
Lengthening of internode cells below the shoot tip
85
Secondary growth consists of the tissue produced by the:
Vascular cambium and cork cambium
86
What does vascular cambium do?
Adds secondary xylem and phloem
87
Vascular cambium adds secondary xylem (__________) and phloem (__________).
Interior, exterior
88
What does cork cambium do?
Produces a tough, thick covering
89
As a tree ages, the older layers become:
Non-functional
90
Older layers of secondary xylem (non-functional)
Heartwood
91
Newer layer if secondary xylem.
Sapwood
92
Older secondary phloem is sloughed off as:
Size increases

Biology 2 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions