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Biology 2 > Lecture 17-Chordates II > Flashcards

Lecture 17-Chordates II Flashcards

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1
Q

Fossil record shows clean progression from __________ to __________.

A

Lobe-finned lungfish, tetrapods

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2
Q

__________ is a fossil intermediate between lobe-finned fish and tetrapods.

A

Tiktaalik

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3
Q

The Tiktaalik has many fish-like traits, such as:

A

Fins, scales, and primitive jaws

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4
Q

The Tiktaalik has tetrapod-like traits, such as:

A

Fins with wrist, neck, expanded ribs, and flat head

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5
Q

Digit number was __________ __________ in early tetrapodomoph legs.

A

Highly variable

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6
Q

Successful tetrapods have _____ digits.

A

5

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7
Q

Once tetrapods successfully invade land, two major lineages diverge, one leading to the __________ , the other leading to the __________ and __________.

A

Amphibians, reptiles & mammals

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8
Q

Amphibians breath through __________ lungs.

A

Primitive

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9
Q

In amphibians, juveniles and some adults have __________.

A

Gills

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10
Q

Amphibians are capable of __________ respiration (i.e. breath through skin).

A

Cutaneous

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11
Q

Amphibians fertilize __________.

A

Externally

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12
Q

In amphibians, reproduction is tied to __________.

A

Water

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13
Q

Amphibians are closely tied to water for reproduction. This limits their __________ range.

A

Terrestrial

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14
Q

In an amniotic egg, the __________ protects and provides shock absorption.

A

Amnion

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15
Q

In an amniotic egg, the __________ __________ is a stockpile of nutrients for the embryo.

A

Yolk sac

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16
Q

In an amniotic egg, the __________ is the disposal sac for metabolic waste.

A

Allantois

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17
Q

In an amniotic egg, the __________ allows for respiration across shell.

A

Chorion

18
Q

Amniotic egg allows for __________ independence during reproduction.

A

Water

19
Q

Water independent reproduction leads to __________ fertilization.

A

Internal

20
Q

__________ are rearranged for carrying weight out of water.

A

Legs

21
Q

Examples of __________ reptiles and turtles, crocodilians, birds, tuatara, and squamates.

A

Extant

22
Q

Examples of __________ reptiles are pterosaurs, dinosaurs, plesiosaurs, and ichthyosaurs.

A

Extinct

23
Q

Independent evolution of flight.

A

Pterosaurs

24
Q

Terrestrial lineage of large reptiles; likely endothermic; some feathered; give rise to birds.

A

Dinosaurs

25
Q

The 3 types of mammals are:

A

Monotremes, Marsupials, and Eutherians

26
Q

Monotremes lay __________ and produce __________.

A

Eggs, milk

27
Q

Monotremes do NOT have __________.

A

Nipples

28
Q

Examples of __________ are the platypus and echidna.

A

Monotremes

29
Q

__________ have rudimentary placentas.

A

Marsupials

30
Q

Do marsupials have nipples?

A

Yes

31
Q

Marsupials have __________ for fetal development.

A

Pouches

32
Q

Examples of __________ are kangaroos and opossum.

A

Marsupials

33
Q

__________ have complex placentas.

A

Eutherians

34
Q

Examples of __________ are rodents, whales, bats, primates, and elephants.

A

Eutherians

35
Q

3 derived traits possessed by primates are:

A

Opposable thumbs, fingerprints, and large brains

36
Q

The 2 groups of primates are:

A

Prosimians and Anthropoids

37
Q

2 types of Anthropoids are:

A

Monkeys and apes

38
Q

The 5 genera of apes are:

A

Gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans

39
Q

The genus Homo are __________, or having two feet.

A

Bipedal

40
Q

The genus Homo have __________ __________ jaws.

A

Reduced lower

41
Q

Many species of Homo __________.

A

Coexist

42
Q

In the genus Homo, we see enlarged __________ __________.

A

Cranial cavities

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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