Lecture 10-Fungi Flashcards
Fungi are __________.
Eukaryotes
Fungi have cell walls made of __________.
Chitin
Fungi are closely related to __________.
Animals
Flagellated single cell ancestors diverged how long ago?
1 BYA
__________ are absorptive heterotrophs.
Fungi
Absorptive heterotrophs secrete __________.
Exoenzymes
Fungi exhibit many different lifestyles, such as:
Decomposers, parasitic, mutualistic
Fungi are _____ celled and __________.
Single-celled, multicellular
An example of a single celled fungi is __________.
Yeast
Yeasts reproduce via __________.
Asexual budding
__________ digest food outside the body.
Exoenzymes
__________ is the biggest organism in the world.
Fungus
Filamentous cells:
Hyphae
Two categories of hyphae are:
Septate and Coenocytic
This category of hyphae are fungal cells separated by porous septum. Pores allow exchange of small molecules. (E.g. Ribosomes, mitochondria, nuclei).
Septate
This category of hyphae lacks septa and has continuous cytoplasmic mass.
Coenocytic
Multicellular fungi that is a mass of hyphae. It’s the main body of fungi and persists mostly underground.
Mycelium
Multicellular fungi that is specialized hyphae that form symbiosis with: host and exchanges or extracts nutrients.
Haustoria
A host with exchanges is a __________ relationship.
Mutualistic
Type of relationship where one organism extracts nutrients from another.
Parasitic
Mutualistic haustoria associated with plant roots; improves water and nutrient uptake.
Mycorrhizae
__________ facilitated plant movement on to land.
Mycorrhizae
Parasitic haustoria associated with nematodes.
Fungus trap
Collective hyphae
Mycelium
Fungi produce spores through __________ or __________ life cycles.
Sexual or asexual
In the __________ phase of fungal reproduction, haploid mycelium produces haploid spores, which may be contained in a sporangium.
Asexual
Step 1 in the sexual phase of fungal reproduction: haploid mycelium produce __________.
Pheromones
__________ signal for potential partners.
Pheromones
Step 2 in the sexual phase of fungal reproduction: mycelia exhibit movement towards a __________ __________ of different ‘mating types’ (similar to different sexes).
Pheromone source
Step 3 in the sexual phase of fungal reproduction: __________ __________.
Mycelia join
Fusion of cytoplasm (heterokaryotic stage).
Plasmogamy
Fusion of haploid nuclei (becomes diploid).
Karyogamy
Many species form unique spore producing structures between __________ and __________.
Plasogamy, Karyogamy
The 6 fungal phyla are:
Microsporidia, Chytridomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota
__________ are intracellular/unicellular parasites of animals and protists.
Microsporidia
Polar tubes are associated with __________.
Microsporidia
Structure to gain entrance into a host.
Polar tubes
Animal parasite causing chronic/debilitating diseases.
Microsporidia
Considered aquatic fungi.
Chytridomycota
__________ have flagellated spores.
Chytridomycota
Flagellated spores are called __________.
Zoospores
In this fungal phyla, gametes (spores) are contained in the sporangium.
Chytridomycota
__________ fungus is the leading suspect in the decline of amphibians.
Chytrid
The sexual phase in the __________ phyla produces zygosporangium.
Zygomycota
__________ can persist for months in harsh environments.
Zygosporangium
Considered “shotgun” fungus.
Zygomycota
They make your food go bad.
Zygomycota
Common fruit and bread molds.
Zygomycota
This fungal phyla produces mutualistic mycorrhizae.
Glomeromycota
____% of land plants have mycorrhizae.
90%
Earliest land plant fossils have __________.
Mycorrhizae
__________ facilitated plant land invasion.
Mycorrhizae
This fungal phyla is considered cup fungi.
Ascomycota
The sexual phase of this fungal phyla produces sack like ascocarp.
Ascomycota
Ascomycota are found in groups of ________.
8
__________ are considered a gourmet delicacy (truffles).
Ascomycota
This fungal phyla is considered club fungi; mushrooms.
Basidiomycota
This fungal phyla has gills lined with spores.
Basidiomycota
__________ are otherwise known as mushrooms.
Basidiocarps
Mushrooms are found in groups of _______.
4
Certain types of __________ are delicious and can make you “happy”.
Basidiomycota
Fungi decompose __________ into __________ compounds.
Organic, Inorganic
__________ are recyclers.
Fungi
Fungi are only decomposers of __________.
Lignin
__________ are important in bioremediation.
Fungi
Fungi may form __________ relationships with plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and animals.
Mutualistic
Fungi that live inside leaves or other plant parts without causing harm are __________.
Endophytes
__________ provide protection and tolerance within plants.
Endophytes
Leaf cutter ants farm fungi to break down __________ __________.
Plant cellulose
__________ help convert rocks to soil.
Lichens
__________ grow on rocks and trees.
Lichens
Algae or cyanobacteria generally occupy an inner layer below the __________ surface.
Lichen
_____% of fungi are plant pathogens.
30%
Fungal infections in humans are termed __________.
Mycosis
Examples of __________ are ringworm and athlete’s foot.
Mycosis
__________ gives us citric acid for cola.
Aspergillus
__________ can produce bleu cheese, beer, wine, etc.
Fungi