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Biology 2 > Lecture 10-Fungi > Flashcards

Lecture 10-Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi are __________.

A

Eukaryotes

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2
Q

Fungi have cell walls made of __________.

A

Chitin

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3
Q

Fungi are closely related to __________.

A

Animals

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4
Q

Flagellated single cell ancestors diverged how long ago?

A

1 BYA

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5
Q

__________ are absorptive heterotrophs.

A

Fungi

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6
Q

Absorptive heterotrophs secrete __________.

A

Exoenzymes

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7
Q

Fungi exhibit many different lifestyles, such as:

A

Decomposers, parasitic, mutualistic

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8
Q

Fungi are _____ celled and __________.

A

Single-celled, multicellular

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9
Q

An example of a single celled fungi is __________.

A

Yeast

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10
Q

Yeasts reproduce via __________.

A

Asexual budding

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11
Q

__________ digest food outside the body.

A

Exoenzymes

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12
Q

__________ is the biggest organism in the world.

A

Fungus

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13
Q

Filamentous cells:

A

Hyphae

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14
Q

Two categories of hyphae are:

A

Septate and Coenocytic

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15
Q

This category of hyphae are fungal cells separated by porous septum. Pores allow exchange of small molecules. (E.g. Ribosomes, mitochondria, nuclei).

A

Septate

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16
Q

This category of hyphae lacks septa and has continuous cytoplasmic mass.

A

Coenocytic

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17
Q

Multicellular fungi that is a mass of hyphae. It’s the main body of fungi and persists mostly underground.

A

Mycelium

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18
Q

Multicellular fungi that is specialized hyphae that form symbiosis with: host and exchanges or extracts nutrients.

A

Haustoria

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19
Q

A host with exchanges is a __________ relationship.

A

Mutualistic

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20
Q

Type of relationship where one organism extracts nutrients from another.

A

Parasitic

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21
Q

Mutualistic haustoria associated with plant roots; improves water and nutrient uptake.

A

Mycorrhizae

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22
Q

__________ facilitated plant movement on to land.

A

Mycorrhizae

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23
Q

Parasitic haustoria associated with nematodes.

A

Fungus trap

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24
Q

Collective hyphae

A

Mycelium

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25
Q

Fungi produce spores through __________ or __________ life cycles.

A

Sexual or asexual

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26
Q

In the __________ phase of fungal reproduction, haploid mycelium produces haploid spores, which may be contained in a sporangium.

A

Asexual

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27
Q

Step 1 in the sexual phase of fungal reproduction: haploid mycelium produce __________.

A

Pheromones

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28
Q

__________ signal for potential partners.

A

Pheromones

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29
Q

Step 2 in the sexual phase of fungal reproduction: mycelia exhibit movement towards a __________ __________ of different ‘mating types’ (similar to different sexes).

A

Pheromone source

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30
Q

Step 3 in the sexual phase of fungal reproduction: __________ __________.

A

Mycelia join

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31
Q

Fusion of cytoplasm (heterokaryotic stage).

A

Plasmogamy

32
Q

Fusion of haploid nuclei (becomes diploid).

33
Q

Many species form unique spore producing structures between __________ and __________.

A

Plasogamy, Karyogamy

34
Q

The 6 fungal phyla are:

A

Microsporidia, Chytridomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota

35
Q

__________ are intracellular/unicellular parasites of animals and protists.

A

Microsporidia

36
Q

Polar tubes are associated with __________.

A

Microsporidia

37
Q

Structure to gain entrance into a host.

A

Polar tubes

38
Q

Animal parasite causing chronic/debilitating diseases.

A

Microsporidia

39
Q

Considered aquatic fungi.

A

Chytridomycota

40
Q

__________ have flagellated spores.

A

Chytridomycota

41
Q

Flagellated spores are called __________.

42
Q

In this fungal phyla, gametes (spores) are contained in the sporangium.

A

Chytridomycota

43
Q

__________ fungus is the leading suspect in the decline of amphibians.

44
Q

The sexual phase in the __________ phyla produces zygosporangium.

A

Zygomycota

45
Q

__________ can persist for months in harsh environments.

A

Zygosporangium

46
Q

Considered “shotgun” fungus.

A

Zygomycota

47
Q

They make your food go bad.

A

Zygomycota

48
Q

Common fruit and bread molds.

A

Zygomycota

49
Q

This fungal phyla produces mutualistic mycorrhizae.

A

Glomeromycota

50
Q

____% of land plants have mycorrhizae.

51
Q

Earliest land plant fossils have __________.

A

Mycorrhizae

52
Q

__________ facilitated plant land invasion.

A

Mycorrhizae

53
Q

This fungal phyla is considered cup fungi.

A

Ascomycota

54
Q

The sexual phase of this fungal phyla produces sack like ascocarp.

A

Ascomycota

55
Q

Ascomycota are found in groups of ________.

56
Q

__________ are considered a gourmet delicacy (truffles).

A

Ascomycota

57
Q

This fungal phyla is considered club fungi; mushrooms.

A

Basidiomycota

58
Q

This fungal phyla has gills lined with spores.

A

Basidiomycota

59
Q

__________ are otherwise known as mushrooms.

A

Basidiocarps

60
Q

Mushrooms are found in groups of _______.

61
Q

Certain types of __________ are delicious and can make you “happy”.

A

Basidiomycota

62
Q

Fungi decompose __________ into __________ compounds.

A

Organic, Inorganic

63
Q

__________ are recyclers.

64
Q

Fungi are only decomposers of __________.

65
Q

__________ are important in bioremediation.

66
Q

Fungi may form __________ relationships with plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and animals.

A

Mutualistic

67
Q

Fungi that live inside leaves or other plant parts without causing harm are __________.

A

Endophytes

68
Q

__________ provide protection and tolerance within plants.

A

Endophytes

69
Q

Leaf cutter ants farm fungi to break down __________ __________.

A

Plant cellulose

70
Q

__________ help convert rocks to soil.

71
Q

__________ grow on rocks and trees.

72
Q

Algae or cyanobacteria generally occupy an inner layer below the __________ surface.

73
Q

_____% of fungi are plant pathogens.

74
Q

Fungal infections in humans are termed __________.

75
Q

Examples of __________ are ringworm and athlete’s foot.

76
Q

__________ gives us citric acid for cola.

A

Aspergillus

77
Q

__________ can produce bleu cheese, beer, wine, etc.

Biology 2 (32 decks)

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