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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 7- Histology of Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 7- Histology of Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Bone and cartilage are specialized ____

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

What do bone and cartilage form from and where are they derived

A

From from mesenchyme and derived from the mesoderm

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3
Q

What does the lateral plate mesoderm make

A

Limbs, sternum

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4
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm make

A

Vertebrae, ribs, some of skull

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5
Q

What does neural crest make

A

Some of skull

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6
Q

What os the perichondrium

A

Dense connective tissue surrounding elastic and hyaline cartilages, except articular cartilage

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7
Q

What two types of cartilage don’t have a periochondrium

A

Fibrocartilage and articular cartilage

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8
Q

What is the outer fibrous layer of the perichondrium made of

A

Dense CT, type I collagen, fibroblasts, vasculature

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9
Q

What is the inner cellular layer of perichondrium made of

A

Chondrogenic cells- cartilage stem cells, important for a-positional growth, maintenance and some repair

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10
Q

What supplies nutrients to hyaline and elastic cartilage

A

Perichondrium

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11
Q

What supplies nutrients to Fibrocartilage and articular cartilage

A

Synovial fluid

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12
Q

What is a chondrocyte

A

Specialized fibrocyte producing cartilage ECM

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13
Q

What is a chondrogenic cell

A

Cartilage stem cell that forms chondrocytes

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14
Q

What are chondrocytes called when they are actively secreting ECM

A

Chondroblasts

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15
Q

What is a lacuna

A

Fluid filled space where a quiescent chondrocyte resides

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16
Q

What is appositional growth

A

Chondrogenic cells in the periochondrium undergo mitosis and differentiation into chondrocytes that secrete ECM, new cells are added to the edge of pre-existing tissue towards the perichondrium

17
Q

What is interstitial growth

A

Chondrocytes under mitosis deep in cartilage and produce daughter cells that form isogenous groups and when they secrete ECM they separate and can grow in any direction

18
Q

What are isogenous groups

A

Chondrocyte daughter cells that remain close together

19
Q

What is ECM made of

A

Mostly water and collagen fibers

20
Q

Is cartilage avascular or vascular

A

Avascular

21
Q

How does cartilage regulate fluid and resist compression

A

Avascularity and ECM components

Cartilage is abundant with proteoglycans which bind to hylauronic acid. PG’s contain glucosaminoglycans that attract water

PGA’s create an internal pressure (turgor) that allows cartilage to resist compression without inhibiting flexibility

22
Q

What is the central matrix

A

Area surrounding chondrocytes, many PG’s, dark staining

23
Q

What is the territorial matrix

A

Area near chondrocytes, type II fibrils, PG’s, dark staining

24
Q

What is the inter-territorial matrix

A

Away from chondrocytes, few PG’s, pale staining

25
Q

What does elastic cartilage require

A

Elastin for added flexibility

26
Q

What does Fibrocartilage require

A

Type I collagen to resistance tension

27
Q

Hyaline cartilage histology

A

Contains isogenous groups and perichondrium, no visible fibers, ECM stains pink (collagen) or purple (PG’s), never has elastic or type I collagen

28
Q

Elastic cartilage histology

A

Elastic fibers in ECM, isogenous groups, perichondrium

29
Q

Fibrocartilage histology

A

Type I collagen that appears as broad pink bands, no perichondrium, chondrocytes align with type I collagen

30
Q

Articular cartilage histology

A

Type of hyaline cartilage, but no perichondrium, still have isogenous groups

Found on surfaces of synovial joints so contain an underlying subchondral bone that should be entirely covered by cartilage, bone stains dark pink and lacks chondrocytes

31
Q

What happens during a cartilage injury

A

Normally chondrocytes maintain a balance where their secretion of ECM aligns with their turnover of ECM but during injury chondrocytes release more cytokines that inhibit ECM secretion and enzymes that digest ECM opposed to producing factors that make more matrix resulting in cartilage degeneration

32
Q

Where can some repair of cartilage be initiated

A

Perichondrium, but can lead to build up of scar tissue

33
Q

What is the result of damage to articular cartilage

A

Articular cartilage lacks a perichondrium so there is no repair or scaring- leads to degenerative joint disease

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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