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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 11: Brachium and Elbow > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Brachium and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

The brachium is portion of thoracic limb between

A

Shoulder girdle and elbow

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2
Q

Movement of the arm is achieved by muscles that move the _____

A

Gleno-numeral joint`

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3
Q

What muscles extend the GH joint

A

Triceps brachi, supraspinatus, brachiocephalicus

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4
Q

What muscles flex the GH joint

A

Biceps brachii, teres major, teres minor, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis profundus

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5
Q

What muscles abduct the GH joint

A

Infraspinatus

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6
Q

What muscles adduct the GH joint

A

Pectoral muscles, coracobrachialis, subscapularis

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7
Q

What are the three joints of the elbow

A

Humero-radial, humero-ulnar, radio-ulnar

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8
Q

What does the trochlea of the humerus sit on

A

Ulna

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9
Q

What does capitulum of humerus sit on

A

Radius

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10
Q

What ligaments support the elbow

A

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments, annular ligament of radius, oblique ligament

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11
Q

Flexion and extension of the elbow is permitted along a Sagittal plane via what joints

A

Humero-radial and humero-ulnar

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12
Q

Role of collateral ligaments

A

Prevent excessive abduction and adduction

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13
Q

Role of oblique ligament

A

Prevents over-extension of elbow

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14
Q

Pronation/supination

A

Distal radius around the ulna and requires rotation of numeral head around proximal radio-ulnar joint

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15
Q

Role of annular ligament of radius

A

Permits pronation and supination

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16
Q

What artery supplies the flexor compartment of the arm

A

Brachial

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17
Q

What nerve innervate the flexor compartment of the arm

A

Musculocutaneous

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18
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the arm

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis

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19
Q

What is the artery that supplies the extensors of the arm

A

Deep brachial artery

20
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor compartment of the arm

A

Radial

21
Q

What muscles are in the extensor compartment of the arm

A

Triceps brachii (long, lateral, medial, and accessory), tensor fascia antebrachium, and anconeus

22
Q

OINA for long head of triceps brachii

A

O:infraglenoid tubercle
I: olecranon process of ulna
N: radial
A: extend arm and forearm

23
Q

OINA for lateral head of triceps brachii

A

O: space between teres minor and deltoid
I: olecranon process of ulna
N: radial
A: extend arm and forearm

24
Q

OINA for medial head of triceps brachii

A

O: space between coracobrachialis and teres minor
I: olecranon process of ulna
N: radial
A: extend arm and forearm

25
Q

OINA for accessory head of triceps brachii

A

O: caudal aspect of humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna
N: radial
A: extend arm and forearm

26
Q

What is the result of avulsion fracture of olecranon

A

Detachment of triceps, lose ability to extend elbow, dropped elbow appearance

27
Q

OINA for Biceps Brachii

A

O: Supraglenoid tubercle
I: two insertions: 1. Deep insertion: radial tuberosity and medial ulnar, 2: superficial insertion: antebrachium fascia (lacertus fascia)
N: musculocutaneous
A: flex arm and forearm

28
Q

OINA for brachialis

A

O: caudal aspect of proximal humerus
I: ulnar tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous
A: flex arm and forearm

29
Q

What is the fibrous band ion horse that joints the tendons of origin and insertion of biceps brachii

A

Internal tendon/central tendon

30
Q

What is the role of internal/central tendon

A

At faster gaits the force necessary for rapid protraction of forelimb is beyond power of muscle so central tendon enables the muscle to store energy when stretched during support phase and then is rapidly released to accelerate forward movement of limb

31
Q

What is the lacertus fibrosus

A

Tendon that splits away from internal/central tendon

32
Q

What muscles protect the brachial plexus well

A

Serratus ventralis and pectoral muscles

33
Q

Where does the radial nerve originate

A

C7-T1

34
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve innervate

A

Triceps brachii, aconeus and tensor fascia antebrachium

35
Q

What is the path of the radial nerve

A

Runs distally within the arm, caudal to brachial artery. Dives between long and medial head of triceps and follows groove of humerus. Enters the cranial lateral aspect of limb

36
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve originate

A

C7-C8

37
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous innervate

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

38
Q

What is the path of musculocutaneous nerve in dogs

A

Gives proximal branch to coracobrachialis, communicating branch passes distocaudally to median nerve in distal third of arm. Nerve passes under terminal part of biceps and divides into branch to brachialis and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

39
Q

What is the musculocutaneous path in ungulates

A

Nerve loops around the axillary artery to join median nerve, in brachium separates from median

40
Q

What is the path of musculocutaneous nerve in horses

A

Cutaneous branch extends beyond carpus to metacarpophalangeal joint/fetlock

41
Q

Where does median nerve originate

A

C8-T1

42
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate

A

Flexor muscles carpus and digits

43
Q

What is path of median nerve in dogs

A

Travels does the medial surface of the arm caudal to the axillary and then brachial artery. Enters the forearm over the medial collateral ligament of the elbow joint

44
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve originate

A

C8-T1

45
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

Most of the flexor muscles of the carpus and digits

46
Q

What is the path of the ulnar nerve

A

Travels down the brachium beside or united with median nerve. Splits off towards olecranon to cross the caudal aspect of the elbow joint-wraps around medial epicondyle of humerus

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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