Lecture 31: Nasal Sinus and Palate 1

Question 1

What bones are included within the bony nasal aperture

Answer 1

Nasal and incisive bones

Question 2

What bones are included within the palatine fissure

Answer 2

Incisive and maxillae

Question 3

What structures are contained within the ethmoid

Answer 3

Perpendicular plate
Ethmoid labyrinths
Cribiform plate

Question 4

What foramen are located in the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 4

maxillary foramen, sphenopalatine foramen, caudal palatine foramen

Question 5

_____ is the region of the skull ventral to the orbit that acts as an important conduit in connecting many other regions of the head and neck

Answer 5

Pterygopalatine fossa

Question 6

What artery and nerve give off all their branches in the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 6

Maxillary artery and nerve

Question 7

What does the infraorbital artery supply and what does it branch off of

Answer 7

Supplies nose and rostral face and branches off maxillary

Question 8

What does the alveolar artery branch off of and what does it supply

Answer 8

Branch off maxillary artery and supplies maxillary teeth

Question 9

What does the sphenopalatine artery branch off of and supply

Answer 9

Branch off maxillary and supplies the nasal cavity

Question 10

In what species is the external nose called the nasal plate

Answer 10

Carnivores and small ruminants

Question 11

In what species is the external nose called the nasolabial plate

Answer 11

Cattle

Question 12

In what species is the external nose called the rostral plate

Answer 12

Pigs

Question 13

In what species is the external nose kept moist due to overflow from nasal mucosa

Answer 13

Dogs

Question 14

In what species is the external nose kept moist due to direct secretion from glands

Answer 14

Cattle and pig

Question 15

What is the midline sulcus of the external nose called

Answer 15

Philtrum

Question 16

What is the opening to the nasal cavity

Answer 16

Naris

Question 17

What is the septal cartilage

Answer 17

Majority of the midline septum that divides the right and left nasal cavities

Question 18

What is at the rostral end of the septal cartilage

Answer 18

Septal membrane

Question 19

What are the four cartilages of the nose

Answer 19

Septal cartilage, dorsolateral cartilage, ventrolateral cartilage, accessory cartilage

Question 20

What ligaments affix the nasal cartilages to the margin of the bony nasal aperture

Answer 20

Dorsal nasal ligament and lateral nasal ligament

Question 21

What additional cartilage of the nose do horses have

Answer 21

Alar cartilage

Question 22

What two structures are contained within the alar cartilage

Answer 22

Alar fold and nasal diverticulum

Question 23

What is the alar fold

Answer 23

Raised fold of mucosa along the medial wall of the nares supported by the alar cartilages

Question 24

What is the nasal diverticulum

Answer 24

Blind pouch dorsal to alar fold

Question 25

When inserting a nasal tube what structures must you pass ventral to

Answer 25

Ventral to alar fold to ensure that it passes safely into nasal cavity and beyond

Question 26

What are nasal conchae

Answer 26

Thin, convoluted laminae of bone that protrude from the lateral nasal wall and serve greatly to increase the surface area of the nasal cavity

Question 27

What are the three nasal conchae

Answer 27

Ethmoidal conchae (ethmoturbinates), dorsal nasal conchae, and the ventral nasal conchae

Question 28

What nasal conchae is the alar fold located at the most rostral portion of

Answer 28

Ventral nasal conchae

Question 29

What are nasal meati

Answer 29

Subdivisions of the cavity defined by the presence of conchae

Question 30

What are the four nasal meati

Answer 30

Dorsal meatus, middle meatus, ventral meatus, and common meatus

Question 31

What is the vomeronasal organ

Answer 31

Specialized olfactory region near the rostral base of the nasal septum for detection of pheromones

Question 32

What structure cradles the vomeronasal organ

Answer 32

Vomeronasal cartilage- that extends caudally along the floor of the nasal cavity from the palatine fissure

Question 33

The vomeronasal duct is a diverticulum of the ___ which passes through the palatine fissure and is an open communication between the ____ and ___ cavities

Answer 33

Incisive duct, oral and nasal cavities

Question 34

What species does the incisive duct not open into the oral cavity

Answer 34

Horses

Question 35

What is the Lip curl (Flehmen) reaction

Answer 35

In response to stimulation of the vomeronasal organ by female pheromones many male animals will exhibit distinct facial reaction of curling upper lip

Question 36

What artery primarily supplies the nasal cavity of lateral nasal wall

Answer 36

Sphenopalatine artery

Question 37

What artery is the terminal branch at the rostral end of the maxillary artery

Answer 37

Descending palatine artery

Question 38

What two arteries does the descending palatine give off

Answer 38

Sphenopalatine artery and the major palatine artery

Question 39

What foramen does the sphenopalatine artery pass through to reach the nasal cavity

Answer 39

Sphenopalatine foramen

Question 40

Branches of what artery supply much of the lateral nasal wall, ventral and dorsal conchae and middle region of nasal septum

Answer 40

Branches of the sphenopalatine

Question 41

Branches of what artery pass through the ethmoidal foramina and cribiform plate to supply the caudal nasal septum, dorsal aspect of the nose and ethmoturbinates

Answer 41

Branches of the external ethmoidal artery

Question 42

What artery does the external ethmoidal artery branch off of

Answer 42

External ophthalmic artrey

Question 43

A branch of what artery supplies the rostral septum

Answer 43

A branch of the Major palatine artery

Question 44

What artery supplies blood to the external surface of the nose and has rostral branches that enter the nostrils and anastomose with the branches of the sphenopalatine artery that supply the ventral nasal conchae

Answer 44

Infraorbital artery

Question 45

What nerves innervates the nasal cavity

Answer 45

Olfactory (CN I), vomeronasal nerves, ethmoidal nerve (branch off V1), caudal nasal nerve and major palatine nerve

Question 46

What nerve has numerous olfactory filaments that carry chemosensory signals from the olfactory region of the nasal cavity through the cribiform plate to the cranial cavity

Answer 46

Olfactory nerve- CN I

Question 47

What does the ethmoidal nerve supply and what is it a branch of

Answer 47

Innervates the caudal nasal septum, dorsal aspect of the nose and ethmoturbinates (follows artery) Branch of V1 (ophthalmic division of trigeminal)

Question 48

What two nerves branch off maxillary nerve (CN V2) and supply the nasal cavity

Answer 48

Caudal nasal nerve and major palatine nerve

Question 49

What does the major palatine nerve innervate

Answer 49

Rostral septum

Question 50

What does the caudal nasal nerve innervate

Answer 50

Follows sphenopalatine artery to innervate lateral nasal wall

Question 51

Postganglionic parasympathetics from the ____ ganglion will innervate the glands embedded in the nasal mucosa

Answer 51

Pterygopalatine