Lecture 31: Nasal Sinus and Palate 1 Flashcards
What bones are included within the bony nasal aperture
Nasal and incisive bones
What bones are included within the palatine fissure
Incisive and maxillae
What structures are contained within the ethmoid
Perpendicular plate
Ethmoid labyrinths
Cribiform plate
What foramen are located in the pterygopalatine fossa
maxillary foramen, sphenopalatine foramen, caudal palatine foramen
_____ is the region of the skull ventral to the orbit that acts as an important conduit in connecting many other regions of the head and neck
Pterygopalatine fossa
What artery and nerve give off all their branches in the pterygopalatine fossa
Maxillary artery and nerve
What does the infraorbital artery supply and what does it branch off of
Supplies nose and rostral face and branches off maxillary
What does the alveolar artery branch off of and what does it supply
Branch off maxillary artery and supplies maxillary teeth
What does the sphenopalatine artery branch off of and supply
Branch off maxillary and supplies the nasal cavity
In what species is the external nose called the nasal plate
Carnivores and small ruminants
In what species is the external nose called the nasolabial plate
Cattle
In what species is the external nose called the rostral plate
Pigs
In what species is the external nose kept moist due to overflow from nasal mucosa
Dogs
In what species is the external nose kept moist due to direct secretion from glands
Cattle and pig
What is the midline sulcus of the external nose called
Philtrum
What is the opening to the nasal cavity
Naris
What is the septal cartilage
Majority of the midline septum that divides the right and left nasal cavities
What is at the rostral end of the septal cartilage
Septal membrane
What are the four cartilages of the nose
Septal cartilage, dorsolateral cartilage, ventrolateral cartilage, accessory cartilage
What ligaments affix the nasal cartilages to the margin of the bony nasal aperture
Dorsal nasal ligament and lateral nasal ligament
What additional cartilage of the nose do horses have
Alar cartilage
What two structures are contained within the alar cartilage
Alar fold and nasal diverticulum
What is the alar fold
Raised fold of mucosa along the medial wall of the nares supported by the alar cartilages
What is the nasal diverticulum
Blind pouch dorsal to alar fold
When inserting a nasal tube what structures must you pass ventral to
Ventral to alar fold to ensure that it passes safely into nasal cavity and beyond
What are nasal conchae
Thin, convoluted laminae of bone that protrude from the lateral nasal wall and serve greatly to increase the surface area of the nasal cavity
What are the three nasal conchae
Ethmoidal conchae (ethmoturbinates), dorsal nasal conchae, and the ventral nasal conchae
What nasal conchae is the alar fold located at the most rostral portion of
Ventral nasal conchae
What are nasal meati
Subdivisions of the cavity defined by the presence of conchae
What are the four nasal meati
Dorsal meatus, middle meatus, ventral meatus, and common meatus
What is the vomeronasal organ
Specialized olfactory region near the rostral base of the nasal septum for detection of pheromones
What structure cradles the vomeronasal organ
Vomeronasal cartilage- that extends caudally along the floor of the nasal cavity from the palatine fissure
The vomeronasal duct is a diverticulum of the ___ which passes through the palatine fissure and is an open communication between the ____ and ___ cavities
Incisive duct, oral and nasal cavities
What species does the incisive duct not open into the oral cavity
Horses
What is the Lip curl (Flehmen) reaction
In response to stimulation of the vomeronasal organ by female pheromones many male animals will exhibit distinct facial reaction of curling upper lip
What artery primarily supplies the nasal cavity of lateral nasal wall
Sphenopalatine artery
What artery is the terminal branch at the rostral end of the maxillary artery
Descending palatine artery
What two arteries does the descending palatine give off
Sphenopalatine artery and the major palatine artery
What foramen does the sphenopalatine artery pass through to reach the nasal cavity
Sphenopalatine foramen
Branches of what artery supply much of the lateral nasal wall, ventral and dorsal conchae and middle region of nasal septum
Branches of the sphenopalatine
Branches of what artery pass through the ethmoidal foramina and cribiform plate to supply the caudal nasal septum, dorsal aspect of the nose and ethmoturbinates
Branches of the external ethmoidal artery
What artery does the external ethmoidal artery branch off of
External ophthalmic artrey
A branch of what artery supplies the rostral septum
A branch of the Major palatine artery
What artery supplies blood to the external surface of the nose and has rostral branches that enter the nostrils and anastomose with the branches of the sphenopalatine artery that supply the ventral nasal conchae
Infraorbital artery
What nerves innervates the nasal cavity
Olfactory (CN I), vomeronasal nerves, ethmoidal nerve (branch off V1), caudal nasal nerve and major palatine nerve
What nerve has numerous olfactory filaments that carry chemosensory signals from the olfactory region of the nasal cavity through the cribiform plate to the cranial cavity
Olfactory nerve- CN I
What does the ethmoidal nerve supply and what is it a branch of
Innervates the caudal nasal septum, dorsal aspect of the nose and ethmoturbinates (follows artery)
Branch of V1 (ophthalmic division of trigeminal)
What two nerves branch off maxillary nerve (CN V2) and supply the nasal cavity
Caudal nasal nerve and major palatine nerve
What does the major palatine nerve innervate
Rostral septum
What does the caudal nasal nerve innervate
Follows sphenopalatine artery to innervate lateral nasal wall
Postganglionic parasympathetics from the ____ ganglion will innervate the glands embedded in the nasal mucosa
Pterygopalatine
