Lecture 4- Organization of the Pelvic Limb and coxofemoral joint

Question 1

What regions of the pelvic limb make up the proximal hindlimb

Answer 1

Gluteal and thigh

Question 2

What regions of the pelvic limb make up the distal hindlimb

Answer 2

Crus/leg

Question 3

What regions of the pelvic limb make up the ankle bones

Answer 3

Tarsus

Question 4

What regions of the pelvic limb make up the hindpaw

Answer 4

Pes

Question 5

What characteristics of the pelvic limb made them adapted for propulsion

Answer 5

Longer and more angular than thoracic limb
Heavily muscled
Connected directly to vertebral column via sacroiliac joint

Question 6

What direction does the hindlimb rotate during development

Answer 6

Ventrally

Question 7

Developmentally dorsal compartments are ___ in vivo

Answer 7

Cranial

Question 8

Developmentally ventral compartments are ____ in vivo

Answer 8

Caudal

Question 9

What muscles are the primary abductors of the hip

Answer 9

Superficial gluteal muscles/lateral muscles of the pelvis:

Gluteus medius, gluteus profundus, tensor fasciae lathe, and gluteus superficialis

Question 10

What is the function of the superficial gluteal muscles

Answer 10

Extend and abduct the hip

Question 11

What nerve primarily innervates the superficial gluteal muscles

Answer 11

Cranial gluteal nerve

Question 12

Where do primary abductors of the hip originate from

Answer 12

Ilium

Question 13

OINA for gluteus medius and what muscle compartment

Answer 13

O: ilium
I: greater trochanter
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct the hip

Muscle group: primary abductor- superficial gluteal muscles

Question 14

OINA for gluteus profundus and muscle compartment

Answer 14

O: ilium
I: greater trochanter
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct hip

Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles

Question 15

OINA for tensor fasciae latae and what muscle compartment

Answer 15

O: ilium
I: fascia latae (thus tibia)
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: flex hip and extend stifle

Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles

Question 16

OINA for gluteus superficialis and muscle compartment

Answer 16

O: ilium
I: third trochanter
N: caudal gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct hip

Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles

Question 17

Why are hip abductors important during walking

Answer 17

The support phase limb is abducting in order to support the weight of the limb in swing phase to prevent collapse

Question 18

What are the primary rotators of the hip

Answer 18

Deep gluteal muscles

Gemelli
Obturator internus
Quadratic femora’s
Obturator externus

Question 19

What is the function of the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 19

Lateral rotators of the hip

Question 20

What nerve primarily innervates the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 20

Lumbosacral trunk

Question 21

OINA for Gemelli and muscle group

Answer 21

O: Ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip

Muscle group: primary rotator of hip, deep gluteal muscle

Question 22

OINA for Obturator internus and muscle group

Answer 22

O: ischium
I: trochanter floss
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip

Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles

Question 23

OINA for quadratic femoris

Answer 23

O: ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip

Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles

Question 24

OINA for Obturator externus

Answer 24

O: ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: Obturator nerve
A: lateral rotator of thighs

Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles

Question 25

What is the articularis coxae

Answer 25

Protects hip joint capsule from being nipped between femoral and acetabular surfaces during movement

Question 26

What are the primary extensors of the hip

Answer 26

Caudal thigh muscles: Bicep femoris Semimbranous Semitendinosus

Question 27

What is the primary function of the caudal thigh muscles

Answer 27

Extend hip but also stifle and hock

Question 28

What are majority of the caudal thigh muscles innervated by

Answer 28

Sciatic nerve

Question 29

OINA and muscle group for bicep femoris

Answer 29

O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia N: cranial head- caudal gluteal nerve, sciatic A: caudal part- flexes stifle, extend hip Muscle group: extensors of hip, caudal thigh muscles

Question 30

OINA and muscle group for Semimembranous

Answer 30

O: ischial tuberosity I: gastrocnemius N: sciatic nerve A: tibial attachment can flex or extend stifle depends on position of limb

Question 31

OINA and muscle group for semitendinosus

Answer 31

O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia N: sciatic A: extend hip

Question 32

What cat specific muscle is responsible for stabilizing femur and moving tail

Answer 32

Caudofemoralis

Question 33

What is a muscle of the hip that only carnivorans have

Answer 33

Caudal crural abductor

Question 34

What are the primary adductors of the hip

Answer 34

Medial thigh muscles: Sartorius Pectineus Adductor Gracilis

Question 35

What is primary role of medial thigh muscles

Answer 35

Adduct hip

Question 36

Where do primary adductors originate

Answer 36

Pelvis

Question 37

What nerve primarily innervates the primary adductors of the hip

Answer 37

Obturator nerve

Question 38

OINA and muscle group for sartorius

Answer 38

O: ilium I: tibia N: femoral nerve A: flex hip, cranial part- extends stifle, caudal part- flexes stifle Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles

Question 39

OINA and muscle group for pectineus

Answer 39

O: pelvis I: femur N: Obturator A: adduct hip Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles

Question 40

OINA and muscle group for adductor

Answer 40

O: pelvis I: femur N: Obturator A: adduct and extend hip Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles

Question 41

OINA and muscle group for Gracilis

Answer 41

Q: pelvis I: tibia N: Obturator nerve A: flex stifle, extend hip and hock

Question 42

What are the primary flexors of the hip

Answer 42

Iliopsoas

Question 43

Where does iliopsoas insert

Answer 43

Lesser trochanter

Question 44

What two nerves innervates the iliopsoas muscles

Answer 44

Lumbosacral trunk and femoral nervew

Question 45

What is the primary extensor of the stifle

Answer 45

Quadricep femoris

Question 46

Describe the basic pattern of innervation of the pelvic limb

Answer 46

Femoral nerve comes off L4-L6 continues cranial to femur and then becomes the saphenous nerve more distally Obturator nerve runs L4-L6 through the Obturator foramen Lumbosacral trunk runs between L7-S2 and gives off the cranial and caudal gluteal nerve as well as the caudal cutaneous femoral nerve. As it moves more distally becomes the sciatic nerve

Question 47

What does the cranial gluteal nerve branch off of

Answer 47

Lumbosacral trunk

Question 48

What muscles does the cranial gluteal nerve innervate

Answer 48

Tensor fascia latae, gluteus medius, gluteus profundus

Question 49

Where does the caudal gluteal nerve come from

Answer 49

Lumbosacral trunk

Question 50

What muscles does the caudal gluteal nerve innervate

Answer 50

Gluteus superficialis and hamstring muscles

Question 51

What does the sciatic nerve come off of

Answer 51

Lumbosacral trunk

Question 52

What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate

Answer 52

Deep gluteal muscles and semimembranous and semitindinosus

Question 53

Where does the Obturator nerve originate

Answer 53

L4-L6 spinal nerve

Question 54

What muscles does the Obturator nerve innervate

Answer 54

Pectineus, adductor and gracilis And Obturator externus

Question 55

Where does the femoral nerve originate

Answer 55

L4-L6 spinal nerve

Question 56

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate

Answer 56

Psoas major, sartorius, quadricep femoris

Question 57

What is the femoral artery a continuation of

Answer 57

External iliac artery

Question 58

Where can the femoral artery be found for pulse taking

Answer 58

In the superficial position of femoral triangle between the sartorius and pectineus

Question 59

What are. main arteries of the hind limb

Answer 59

Externalt iliac which gives off femoral artery Femoral artery gives off deep femoral and then branches off l saphenous The saphenous artery gives off the cranial and caudal branches of saphenous More distally the femoral continues as the popliteal artery which the turns into cranial tibial arteru and formal dorsal pedal artery

Question 60

Describe the arteries of the hip

Answer 60

Femoral artery gives off the deep femoral artery Medial circumflex branches off deep femoral artery and lateral circumflex femoral artery of femoral artery. Internal iliac continues caudal to pelvis and then gives off the caudal gluteal nerve and the cranial gluteal nerve