Lecture 4- Organization of the Pelvic Limb and coxofemoral joint Flashcards
What regions of the pelvic limb make up the proximal hindlimb
Gluteal and thigh
What regions of the pelvic limb make up the distal hindlimb
Crus/leg
What regions of the pelvic limb make up the ankle bones
Tarsus
What regions of the pelvic limb make up the hindpaw
Pes
What characteristics of the pelvic limb made them adapted for propulsion
Longer and more angular than thoracic limb
Heavily muscled
Connected directly to vertebral column via sacroiliac joint
What direction does the hindlimb rotate during development
Ventrally
Developmentally dorsal compartments are ___ in vivo
Cranial
Developmentally ventral compartments are ____ in vivo
Caudal
What muscles are the primary abductors of the hip
Superficial gluteal muscles/lateral muscles of the pelvis:
Gluteus medius, gluteus profundus, tensor fasciae lathe, and gluteus superficialis
What is the function of the superficial gluteal muscles
Extend and abduct the hip
What nerve primarily innervates the superficial gluteal muscles
Cranial gluteal nerve
Where do primary abductors of the hip originate from
Ilium
OINA for gluteus medius and what muscle compartment
O: ilium
I: greater trochanter
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct the hip
Muscle group: primary abductor- superficial gluteal muscles
OINA for gluteus profundus and muscle compartment
O: ilium
I: greater trochanter
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct hip
Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles
OINA for tensor fasciae latae and what muscle compartment
O: ilium
I: fascia latae (thus tibia)
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: flex hip and extend stifle
Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles
OINA for gluteus superficialis and muscle compartment
O: ilium
I: third trochanter
N: caudal gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct hip
Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles
Why are hip abductors important during walking
The support phase limb is abducting in order to support the weight of the limb in swing phase to prevent collapse
What are the primary rotators of the hip
Deep gluteal muscles
Gemelli
Obturator internus
Quadratic femora’s
Obturator externus
What is the function of the deep gluteal muscles
Lateral rotators of the hip
What nerve primarily innervates the deep gluteal muscles
Lumbosacral trunk
OINA for Gemelli and muscle group
O: Ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip
Muscle group: primary rotator of hip, deep gluteal muscle
OINA for Obturator internus and muscle group
O: ischium
I: trochanter floss
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip
Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles
OINA for quadratic femoris
O: ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip
Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles
OINA for Obturator externus
O: ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: Obturator nerve
A: lateral rotator of thighs
Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles
What is the articularis coxae
Protects hip joint capsule from being nipped between femoral and acetabular surfaces during movement
What are the primary extensors of the hip
Caudal thigh muscles:
Bicep femoris
Semimbranous
Semitendinosus
What is the primary function of the caudal thigh muscles
Extend hip but also stifle and hock
What are majority of the caudal thigh muscles innervated by
Sciatic nerve
OINA and muscle group for bicep femoris
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
N: cranial head- caudal gluteal nerve, sciatic
A: caudal part- flexes stifle, extend hip
Muscle group: extensors of hip, caudal thigh muscles
OINA and muscle group for Semimembranous
O: ischial tuberosity
I: gastrocnemius
N: sciatic nerve
A: tibial attachment can flex or extend stifle depends on position of limb
OINA and muscle group for semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
N: sciatic
A: extend hip
What cat specific muscle is responsible for stabilizing femur and moving tail
Caudofemoralis
What is a muscle of the hip that only carnivorans have
Caudal crural abductor
What are the primary adductors of the hip
Medial thigh muscles:
Sartorius
Pectineus
Adductor
Gracilis
What is primary role of medial thigh muscles
Adduct hip
Where do primary adductors originate
Pelvis
What nerve primarily innervates the primary adductors of the hip
Obturator nerve
OINA and muscle group for sartorius
O: ilium
I: tibia
N: femoral nerve
A: flex hip, cranial part- extends stifle, caudal part- flexes stifle
Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles
OINA and muscle group for pectineus
O: pelvis
I: femur
N: Obturator
A: adduct hip
Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles
OINA and muscle group for adductor
O: pelvis
I: femur
N: Obturator
A: adduct and extend hip
Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles
OINA and muscle group for Gracilis
Q: pelvis
I: tibia
N: Obturator nerve
A: flex stifle, extend hip and hock
What are the primary flexors of the hip
Iliopsoas
Where does iliopsoas insert
Lesser trochanter
What two nerves innervates the iliopsoas muscles
Lumbosacral trunk and femoral nervew
What is the primary extensor of the stifle
Quadricep femoris
Describe the basic pattern of innervation of the pelvic limb
Femoral nerve comes off L4-L6 continues cranial to femur and then becomes the saphenous nerve more distally
Obturator nerve runs L4-L6 through the Obturator foramen
Lumbosacral trunk runs between L7-S2 and gives off the cranial and caudal gluteal nerve as well as the caudal cutaneous femoral nerve. As it moves more distally becomes the sciatic nerve
What does the cranial gluteal nerve branch off of
Lumbosacral trunk
What muscles does the cranial gluteal nerve innervate
Tensor fascia latae, gluteus medius, gluteus profundus
Where does the caudal gluteal nerve come from
Lumbosacral trunk
What muscles does the caudal gluteal nerve innervate
Gluteus superficialis and hamstring muscles
What does the sciatic nerve come off of
Lumbosacral trunk
What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate
Deep gluteal muscles and semimembranous and semitindinosus
Where does the Obturator nerve originate
L4-L6 spinal nerve
What muscles does the Obturator nerve innervate
Pectineus, adductor and gracilis
And Obturator externus
Where does the femoral nerve originate
L4-L6 spinal nerve
What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate
Psoas major, sartorius, quadricep femoris
What is the femoral artery a continuation of
External iliac artery
Where can the femoral artery be found for pulse taking
In the superficial position of femoral triangle between the sartorius and pectineus
What are. main arteries of the hind limb
Externalt iliac which gives off femoral artery
Femoral artery gives off deep femoral and then branches off l saphenous
The saphenous artery gives off the cranial and caudal branches of saphenous
More distally the femoral continues as the popliteal artery which the turns into cranial tibial arteru and formal dorsal pedal artery
Describe the arteries of the hip
Femoral artery gives off the deep femoral artery
Medial circumflex branches off deep femoral artery and lateral circumflex femoral artery of femoral artery.
Internal iliac continues caudal to pelvis and then gives off the caudal gluteal nerve and the cranial gluteal nerve
