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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 4- Organization of the Pelvic Limb and coxofemoral joint > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Organization of the Pelvic Limb and coxofemoral joint Flashcards

1
Q

What regions of the pelvic limb make up the proximal hindlimb

A

Gluteal and thigh

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2
Q

What regions of the pelvic limb make up the distal hindlimb

A

Crus/leg

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3
Q

What regions of the pelvic limb make up the ankle bones

A

Tarsus

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4
Q

What regions of the pelvic limb make up the hindpaw

A

Pes

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5
Q

What characteristics of the pelvic limb made them adapted for propulsion

A

Longer and more angular than thoracic limb
Heavily muscled
Connected directly to vertebral column via sacroiliac joint

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6
Q

What direction does the hindlimb rotate during development

A

Ventrally

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7
Q

Developmentally dorsal compartments are ___ in vivo

A

Cranial

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8
Q

Developmentally ventral compartments are ____ in vivo

A

Caudal

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9
Q

What muscles are the primary abductors of the hip

A

Superficial gluteal muscles/lateral muscles of the pelvis:

Gluteus medius, gluteus profundus, tensor fasciae lathe, and gluteus superficialis

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10
Q

What is the function of the superficial gluteal muscles

A

Extend and abduct the hip

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11
Q

What nerve primarily innervates the superficial gluteal muscles

A

Cranial gluteal nerve

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12
Q

Where do primary abductors of the hip originate from

A

Ilium

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13
Q

OINA for gluteus medius and what muscle compartment

A

O: ilium
I: greater trochanter
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct the hip

Muscle group: primary abductor- superficial gluteal muscles

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14
Q

OINA for gluteus profundus and muscle compartment

A

O: ilium
I: greater trochanter
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct hip

Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles

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15
Q

OINA for tensor fasciae latae and what muscle compartment

A

O: ilium
I: fascia latae (thus tibia)
N: cranial gluteal nerve
A: flex hip and extend stifle

Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles

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16
Q

OINA for gluteus superficialis and muscle compartment

A

O: ilium
I: third trochanter
N: caudal gluteal nerve
A: extend and abduct hip

Muscle group: abductors of hip, superficial gluteal muscles

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17
Q

Why are hip abductors important during walking

A

The support phase limb is abducting in order to support the weight of the limb in swing phase to prevent collapse

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18
Q

What are the primary rotators of the hip

A

Deep gluteal muscles

Gemelli
Obturator internus
Quadratic femora’s
Obturator externus

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19
Q

What is the function of the deep gluteal muscles

A

Lateral rotators of the hip

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20
Q

What nerve primarily innervates the deep gluteal muscles

A

Lumbosacral trunk

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21
Q

OINA for Gemelli and muscle group

A

O: Ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip

Muscle group: primary rotator of hip, deep gluteal muscle

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22
Q

OINA for Obturator internus and muscle group

A

O: ischium
I: trochanter floss
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip

Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles

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23
Q

OINA for quadratic femoris

A

O: ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: lumbosacral trunk
A: lateral rotator of hip

Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles

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24
Q

OINA for Obturator externus

A

O: ischium
I: trochanter fossa
N: Obturator nerve
A: lateral rotator of thighs

Muscle group: rotators of hip, deep gluteal muscles

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25
Q

What is the articularis coxae

A

Protects hip joint capsule from being nipped between femoral and acetabular surfaces during movement

26
Q

What are the primary extensors of the hip

A

Caudal thigh muscles:

Bicep femoris
Semimbranous
Semitendinosus

27
Q

What is the primary function of the caudal thigh muscles

A

Extend hip but also stifle and hock

28
Q

What are majority of the caudal thigh muscles innervated by

A

Sciatic nerve

29
Q

OINA and muscle group for bicep femoris

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
N: cranial head- caudal gluteal nerve, sciatic
A: caudal part- flexes stifle, extend hip

Muscle group: extensors of hip, caudal thigh muscles

30
Q

OINA and muscle group for Semimembranous

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: gastrocnemius
N: sciatic nerve
A: tibial attachment can flex or extend stifle depends on position of limb

31
Q

OINA and muscle group for semitendinosus

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
N: sciatic
A: extend hip

32
Q

What cat specific muscle is responsible for stabilizing femur and moving tail

A

Caudofemoralis

33
Q

What is a muscle of the hip that only carnivorans have

A

Caudal crural abductor

34
Q

What are the primary adductors of the hip

A

Medial thigh muscles:

Sartorius
Pectineus
Adductor
Gracilis

35
Q

What is primary role of medial thigh muscles

A

Adduct hip

36
Q

Where do primary adductors originate

A

Pelvis

37
Q

What nerve primarily innervates the primary adductors of the hip

A

Obturator nerve

38
Q

OINA and muscle group for sartorius

A

O: ilium
I: tibia
N: femoral nerve
A: flex hip, cranial part- extends stifle, caudal part- flexes stifle

Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles

39
Q

OINA and muscle group for pectineus

A

O: pelvis
I: femur
N: Obturator
A: adduct hip

Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles

40
Q

OINA and muscle group for adductor

A

O: pelvis
I: femur
N: Obturator
A: adduct and extend hip

Muscle group: adductors of hip, medial thigh muscles

41
Q

OINA and muscle group for Gracilis

A

Q: pelvis
I: tibia
N: Obturator nerve
A: flex stifle, extend hip and hock

42
Q

What are the primary flexors of the hip

A

Iliopsoas

43
Q

Where does iliopsoas insert

A

Lesser trochanter

44
Q

What two nerves innervates the iliopsoas muscles

A

Lumbosacral trunk and femoral nervew

45
Q

What is the primary extensor of the stifle

A

Quadricep femoris

46
Q

Describe the basic pattern of innervation of the pelvic limb

A

Femoral nerve comes off L4-L6 continues cranial to femur and then becomes the saphenous nerve more distally

Obturator nerve runs L4-L6 through the Obturator foramen

Lumbosacral trunk runs between L7-S2 and gives off the cranial and caudal gluteal nerve as well as the caudal cutaneous femoral nerve. As it moves more distally becomes the sciatic nerve

47
Q

What does the cranial gluteal nerve branch off of

A

Lumbosacral trunk

48
Q

What muscles does the cranial gluteal nerve innervate

A

Tensor fascia latae, gluteus medius, gluteus profundus

49
Q

Where does the caudal gluteal nerve come from

A

Lumbosacral trunk

50
Q

What muscles does the caudal gluteal nerve innervate

A

Gluteus superficialis and hamstring muscles

51
Q

What does the sciatic nerve come off of

A

Lumbosacral trunk

52
Q

What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate

A

Deep gluteal muscles and semimembranous and semitindinosus

53
Q

Where does the Obturator nerve originate

A

L4-L6 spinal nerve

54
Q

What muscles does the Obturator nerve innervate

A

Pectineus, adductor and gracilis
And Obturator externus

55
Q

Where does the femoral nerve originate

A

L4-L6 spinal nerve

56
Q

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate

A

Psoas major, sartorius, quadricep femoris

57
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of

A

External iliac artery

58
Q

Where can the femoral artery be found for pulse taking

A

In the superficial position of femoral triangle between the sartorius and pectineus

59
Q

What are. main arteries of the hind limb

A

Externalt iliac which gives off femoral artery

Femoral artery gives off deep femoral and then branches off l saphenous
The saphenous artery gives off the cranial and caudal branches of saphenous

More distally the femoral continues as the popliteal artery which the turns into cranial tibial arteru and formal dorsal pedal artery

60
Q

Describe the arteries of the hip

A

Femoral artery gives off the deep femoral artery

Medial circumflex branches off deep femoral artery and lateral circumflex femoral artery of femoral artery.
Internal iliac continues caudal to pelvis and then gives off the caudal gluteal nerve and the cranial gluteal nerve

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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