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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 22: eye and orbit II > Flashcards

Lecture 22: eye and orbit II Flashcards

1
Q

what cranial nerves are in the orbit

A

CN II-optic
CN III- oculomotor
CN IV- trochlear
CN V1- ophthalmic division of trigeminal
CN VI-Abducens

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2
Q

where does CN II enter the orbit

A

optic canal

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3
Q

what four nerves go through orbital fissure

A

III- oculomotor
IV- trochlear
V1-ophthalamic
VI- abducens

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4
Q

what structures are located in the optic canal

A

optic nerve, internal ophthalmic artery and vein

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5
Q

what muscles heavily surround the optic nerve

A

extraoccular muscles

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6
Q

what seven muscles attach to eye to move it

A

dorsal, ventral, lateral, and medial rectus
ventral and dorsal obliques
retractor bulbi

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7
Q

what eye muscle pulls eye back into orbit

A

retractor bulbi

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8
Q

what cranial nerve distributes sensory innervation to the cornea, sclera, nasal cavity and face

A

V1- ophthalmic

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9
Q

what are the branches of V1 ophthalmic CN

A

nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal

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10
Q

what nerve provides sensory innervation from nasal cavity, cornea and sclera

A

nasociliary nerve

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11
Q

what nerve provides sensory innervation from skin of forehead and scalp

A

frontal nerve

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12
Q

what nerve provides sensory information from lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and upper eyelid

A

lacrimal nerve

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13
Q

what are the branches of the nasociliary nerve

A

long ciliary nerves, anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve

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14
Q

what branch of the nasociliary provides sensory from cornea and sclera

A

long ciliary nerve

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15
Q

what branch of the nasociliary nerve provides sensory information from nasal cavity

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal (think methoidal- snort via nasal cavity)

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16
Q

what branch of the CN III provides parasympathetics to pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle

A

short ciliary nerve
(think im gonna sh(ph)rink you down small)

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17
Q

what delivers parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland

A

postganglionic parasympathetic axons travel directly from the pterygopalatine ganglion to lacrimal gland through the orbital fissure

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18
Q

Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor provides motor innervation to what muscles

A

ventral oblique, dorsal, medial and ventral rectus and levator palpebrae superiosis

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19
Q

what cranial nerve innervates the ciliary ganglion

A

CN III- oculomotor

20
Q

what neural modality is the ciliary ganglion part of

A

site of synapse for PNS that travel along short ciliary branches to travel to eye to innervate pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle

21
Q

what are the parasympathetic branches of cranial nerve III-oculomotor and are these pre or post ganglion

A

short ciliary- PNS to pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle, post-ganglionic

22
Q

what is the pathway from the midbrain to the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle

A
  1. preganglionic PNS cell bodies in Edinbger-Westphal nucleus (midbrain)
  2. CN III
  3. synapse at ciliary ganglion
  4. hitchhike on short ciliary nerves-innervate pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle
23
Q

what muscle does CN IV (trochlear) innervate in the eye

A

dorsal oblique

24
Q

what muscle does CN VI (abducens) innervate in the eye

A

lateral rectus and retractor bulbi (causes nictitating membrane to partially cover eye)

25
Q

what four cranial nerves provide parasympathetic innervation

A

oculomotor III
facial VII
glossopharyngeal IX
vagus X

26
Q

what ganglion does the oculomotor nerve innervate and what is the function

A

ciliary ganglion
site of synapse and then travel to short ciliary nerves to provide PNS to sphincter and ciliary muscle

27
Q

what ganglion does the facial nerve innervate and what is the function

A

pterygopalatine- provide PNS to lacrimal gland
submandibular- salivaiton

28
Q

what ganglion does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate and what is the function

A

otic ganglion- provide PNS to parotid gland for salivation

29
Q

mnemonic to remember ganglia associated with each cranial nerve

A

3, 9, 7, 7 COPS
ocoulomotor (III)- ciliary
Glossopharyngeal (IX)- otic
facial (VII)- ptyergopalatine and submandibular

30
Q

where is the site of synapse for sympathetics to the eye and head

A

cranial cervical ganglion

31
Q

what provides sympathetic innervation to dilator pupillae muscle and superior tarsal muscle

A

internal carotid periarterial plexus

32
Q

what provides sympathetic innervation to face

A

external carotid periarterial plexus

33
Q

what is the order of cells passed through in visual pathway

A

photoreceptors—>bipolar neurons–> retinal ganglion cells–> lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus–> primary visual cortex/occipital lobe

34
Q

what are the steps in the pupillary light reflex

A
  1. optic nerve fibers synapse at pretectal area
  2. pretectal nerve fibers synapse bilaterally at edinger-westphal nuclei
  3. E-W nerve fibers (preganglionic PNS) synapse at ciliary ganglia
  4. ciliary ganglia nerve fibers (postganglionic PNS) synapse on pupillary sphincter muscles and cause it to contract
35
Q

what is the pupillary dilation reflex

A
  1. preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers synapse in the superior portion of the sympathetic trunk
  2. postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers synapse on pupillary dilator muscle
36
Q

what artery supplies the orbital contents

A

short ciliary arteries anastomosis between external and internal carotid artery

37
Q

where does venous drainage of the orbital contents occur

A

drainage to the cavernous sinus via the ventral and dorsal external ophthalmic veins

38
Q

what receives venous drainage from the brain

A

sinuses and then the blood is drained to vertebral and internal jugular veins

39
Q

what muscle adducts the eye

A

medial rectus

40
Q

what muscle abducts the eye

A

lateral rectus

41
Q

what muscle adducts and elevates the eye

A

dorsal rectus

42
Q

what muscle adducts and depresses the eye

A

ventral rectus

43
Q

what muscle abducts and elevates the eye

A

ventral oblique

44
Q

what muscle abducts and depresses the eye

A

dorsal oblique

45
Q

what muscles are involved in the action of looking up

A

dorsal rectus and ventral oblique

46
Q

what muscles are involved in looking down

A

ventral rectus and dorsal oblique

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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