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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 5- Anatomy of Thigh and Stifle > Flashcards

Lecture 5- Anatomy of Thigh and Stifle Flashcards

1
Q

What two structures does the thigh lie between

A

Pelvic girdle and stifle

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2
Q

What joints comprise the stifle

A

Femoro-tibial joint
Femoro-patellar joint
Proximal tibia-fibular joint

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3
Q

What are the extra bones in the dog stifle

A

Sesamoid

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4
Q

What is the additional joint in the dog

A

Femoral-fabellar joint

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5
Q

What are fabellae

A

Sesamoid bone in proximal heads of gastrocnemius

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6
Q

What muscle is the connection between the tibia and the Sesamoid bones

A

Popliteus

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7
Q

What kind of joint is the stifle

A

Complex synovial joint

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8
Q

What are the medial and lateral menisci made of

A

Fibrocartilage discs

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9
Q

What is the function of the medial and lateral menisci

A

Stabilize the movement of the round femoral condyles on the flat tibial condyles

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10
Q

What ligaments make up the stifle

A

Patellar ligament, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, caudal cruciate ligament, cranial cruciate ligament, meniscofemoral ligament

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11
Q

What do the cruciate ligaments prevent

A

Cranial or caudal slip of tibia

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12
Q

What are the main movements of the stifle

A

Flexion and extension

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13
Q

What additional movements do dogs and cats have in the stifle

A

Translational mobility- cranial and caudal, rotation along long axis of tibia

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14
Q

When the stifle is flexed what happens to the lateral collateral ligament and the cruciate ligaments

A

The lateral collateral ligaments loosen- allowing internal rotation of the tibia on the femur

Cruciate ligaments twist on each other to limit this internal rotation

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15
Q

What happens to the lateral collateral ligament and cruciate ligaments when the stifle is extended

A

The lateral collateral ligament tightens, tibia rotates externally

Cruciate ligaments untwist having no effect on limiting external rotation

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16
Q

What is the common cause of cruciate ligament tear

A

Result of sudden rotation of the flexed stifle

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17
Q

What muscles make up the medial compartment of the stifle

A

Sartorius, gracilis, Pectineus, adductor

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18
Q

Sartorius OINA

A

O: ilium
I: tibia
N: femoral nerve
A: cranial part- extends stifle, caudal part- flexes stifle, also flexes hip

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19
Q

Gracilis OINA

A

O:pelvis
I: tibia
N: Obturator nerve
A: flex stifle, also adduct hip

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20
Q

Adductor OINA

A

O: pelvis
I: femur
N: Obturator nerve
A: adduct and extend hip

21
Q

Pectineus OINA

A

O: pelvis
I: femur
N: Obturator nerve
A: adduct hip

22
Q

What is the artery that supplies the medial compartment of the stifle

A

Obturator artery

23
Q

What nerves supply the medial compartment of the stifle

A

Femoral and Obturator

24
Q

What is the main action of the medial compartment of the stifle

A

Flex stifle

25
Q

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the stifle

A

Bicep femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranous

26
Q

Bicep femoris OINA

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
N: cranial- caudal gluteal nerve, sciatic
A: extend stifle, caudal part flexes stifle

27
Q

Semitendinosus OINA

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: tibia
N: sciatic
A: flex stifle

28
Q

Semimembranous

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: gastrocnemius
N: sciatic
A: femur attachment- extends stifle, tibial attachment flexes or extends stifle

29
Q

What is the artery that supplies the lateral compartment of the stifle

A

Deep femoral artery

30
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the stifle

A

Sciatic

31
Q

What is the main function of the lateral compartment of the stifle

A

Flex or extend stifle

32
Q

What muscles make up the cranial compartment of the stifle

A

Quadricep femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medius, vastus intermedius) and iliopsoas

33
Q

OINA for quadricep femoris

A

O: ilium
I: tibial tuberosity
N: femoral nerve
A: extend stifle

34
Q

Iliopsoas OINA

A

O: lumbosacral vertebrae
I: pelvis or lesser trochanter
N: lumbosacral plexus and femoral nerve
A: flex hip

35
Q

What is the artery that supplies the cranial compartment of the stifle

A

Femoral artery

36
Q

What nerve supplies the cranial compartment of the stifle

A

Femoral

37
Q

What is the main function of the cranial compartment of the stifle

A

Extend stifle

38
Q

Rectus femoris OINA

A

O: ilium
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligaments
N: femoral
A: extension of stifle, flex hip

39
Q

Vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedius OINA

A

O: proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity
N: femoral
A: extend stifle

40
Q

What are the equine specializations of the stifle

A

Enlarged medial epicondylar ridge on distal femur, prolonged proximal protuberance

41
Q

What are the two surfaces on the trochlea for equine stifle

A

Gliding surface and resting surface

42
Q

What does the caudal facing surface of equine patella engage

A

Gliding surface of trochlea

43
Q

What does distally directed surface of equine patella engage

A

Resting surface of trochlea when in full extension

44
Q

What are the three extra patellar ligaments present in horse stifle

A

Intermediate patellar ligament, lateral patellar ligament and medial patellar ligament

45
Q

Describe the locking mechanism of equine stifle

A

Medial ligament runs even with the edge of the corresponding ridge of the trochlea. Positioned is maintained without assistance of main extensor muscle

Patella slides up onto resting surface of femur when in full extension

46
Q

What nerves innervate the stifle

A

Sciatic, Obturator, cranial and caudal gluteal nerve and femoral

47
Q

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate

A

Iliopsoas, sartorius, quadricep femoris

48
Q

Why are femoral nerve lesions catastrophic

A

Paralyzes the quadriceps resulting in collapse of the stifle disabling the entire limb. Skin of medial surface is deprived of sensation

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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