Lecture 5- Anatomy of Thigh and Stifle

Question 1

What two structures does the thigh lie between

Answer 1

Pelvic girdle and stifle

Question 2

What joints comprise the stifle

Answer 2

Femoro-tibial joint
Femoro-patellar joint
Proximal tibia-fibular joint

Question 3

What are the extra bones in the dog stifle

Answer 3

Sesamoid

Question 4

What is the additional joint in the dog

Answer 4

Femoral-fabellar joint

Question 5

What are fabellae

Answer 5

Sesamoid bone in proximal heads of gastrocnemius

Question 6

What muscle is the connection between the tibia and the Sesamoid bones

Answer 6

Popliteus

Question 7

What kind of joint is the stifle

Answer 7

Complex synovial joint

Question 8

What are the medial and lateral menisci made of

Answer 8

Fibrocartilage discs

Question 9

What is the function of the medial and lateral menisci

Answer 9

Stabilize the movement of the round femoral condyles on the flat tibial condyles

Question 10

What ligaments make up the stifle

Answer 10

Patellar ligament, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, caudal cruciate ligament, cranial cruciate ligament, meniscofemoral ligament

Question 11

What do the cruciate ligaments prevent

Answer 11

Cranial or caudal slip of tibia

Question 12

What are the main movements of the stifle

Answer 12

Flexion and extension

Question 13

What additional movements do dogs and cats have in the stifle

Answer 13

Translational mobility- cranial and caudal, rotation along long axis of tibia

Question 14

When the stifle is flexed what happens to the lateral collateral ligament and the cruciate ligaments

Answer 14

The lateral collateral ligaments loosen- allowing internal rotation of the tibia on the femur

Cruciate ligaments twist on each other to limit this internal rotation

Question 15

What happens to the lateral collateral ligament and cruciate ligaments when the stifle is extended

Answer 15

The lateral collateral ligament tightens, tibia rotates externally

Cruciate ligaments untwist having no effect on limiting external rotation

Question 16

What is the common cause of cruciate ligament tear

Answer 16

Result of sudden rotation of the flexed stifle

Question 17

What muscles make up the medial compartment of the stifle

Answer 17

Sartorius, gracilis, Pectineus, adductor

Question 18

Sartorius OINA

Answer 18

O: ilium
I: tibia
N: femoral nerve
A: cranial part- extends stifle, caudal part- flexes stifle, also flexes hip

Question 19

Gracilis OINA

Answer 19

O:pelvis
I: tibia
N: Obturator nerve
A: flex stifle, also adduct hip

Question 20

Adductor OINA

Answer 20

O: pelvis
I: femur
N: Obturator nerve
A: adduct and extend hip

Question 21

Pectineus OINA

Answer 21

O: pelvis
I: femur
N: Obturator nerve
A: adduct hip

Question 22

What is the artery that supplies the medial compartment of the stifle

Answer 22

Obturator artery

Question 23

What nerves supply the medial compartment of the stifle

Answer 23

Femoral and Obturator

Question 24

What is the main action of the medial compartment of the stifle

Answer 24

Flex stifle

Question 25

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the stifle

Answer 25

Bicep femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranous

Question 26

Bicep femoris OINA

Answer 26

O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia N: cranial- caudal gluteal nerve, sciatic A: extend stifle, caudal part flexes stifle

Question 27

Semitendinosus OINA

Answer 27

O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia N: sciatic A: flex stifle

Question 28

Semimembranous

Answer 28

O: ischial tuberosity I: gastrocnemius N: sciatic A: femur attachment- extends stifle, tibial attachment flexes or extends stifle

Question 29

What is the artery that supplies the lateral compartment of the stifle

Answer 29

Deep femoral artery

Question 30

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the stifle

Answer 30

Sciatic

Question 31

What is the main function of the lateral compartment of the stifle

Answer 31

Flex or extend stifle

Question 32

What muscles make up the cranial compartment of the stifle

Answer 32

Quadricep femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medius, vastus intermedius) and iliopsoas

Question 33

OINA for quadricep femoris

Answer 33

O: ilium I: tibial tuberosity N: femoral nerve A: extend stifle

Question 34

Iliopsoas OINA

Answer 34

O: lumbosacral vertebrae I: pelvis or lesser trochanter N: lumbosacral plexus and femoral nerve A: flex hip

Question 35

What is the artery that supplies the cranial compartment of the stifle

Answer 35

Femoral artery

Question 36

What nerve supplies the cranial compartment of the stifle

Answer 36

Femoral

Question 37

What is the main function of the cranial compartment of the stifle

Answer 37

Extend stifle

Question 38

Rectus femoris OINA

Answer 38

O: ilium I: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligaments N: femoral A: extension of stifle, flex hip

Question 39

Vastus medialis, lateralis and intermedius OINA

Answer 39

O: proximal femur I: tibial tuberosity N: femoral A: extend stifle

Question 40

What are the equine specializations of the stifle

Answer 40

Enlarged medial epicondylar ridge on distal femur, prolonged proximal protuberance

Question 41

What are the two surfaces on the trochlea for equine stifle

Answer 41

Gliding surface and resting surface

Question 42

What does the caudal facing surface of equine patella engage

Answer 42

Gliding surface of trochlea

Question 43

What does distally directed surface of equine patella engage

Answer 43

Resting surface of trochlea when in full extension

Question 44

What are the three extra patellar ligaments present in horse stifle

Answer 44

Intermediate patellar ligament, lateral patellar ligament and medial patellar ligament

Question 45

Describe the locking mechanism of equine stifle

Answer 45

Medial ligament runs even with the edge of the corresponding ridge of the trochlea. Positioned is maintained without assistance of main extensor muscle Patella slides up onto resting surface of femur when in full extension

Question 46

What nerves innervate the stifle

Answer 46

Sciatic, Obturator, cranial and caudal gluteal nerve and femoral

Question 47

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate

Answer 47

Iliopsoas, sartorius, quadricep femoris

Question 48

Why are femoral nerve lesions catastrophic

Answer 48

Paralyzes the quadriceps resulting in collapse of the stifle disabling the entire limb. Skin of medial surface is deprived of sensation