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Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 > Lecture 15- Posture and Passive-Stay Apparatus > Flashcards

Lecture 15- Posture and Passive-Stay Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

Tarsus in layman’s terms

A

Hock

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2
Q

Carpus in layman’s terms

A

Knee

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3
Q

Second metacarpal in laymen’s terms

A

Splint bone

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4
Q

Third metacarpal in layman’s terms

A

Cannon bone

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5
Q

4th metacarpal in layman’s terms

A

Splint bone

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6
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint in laymen’s terms

A

Fetlick

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7
Q

phalanx 1 in laymen’s terms

A

Long pastern

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8
Q

Phalanx 2 in laymen’s terms

A

Short pastern

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9
Q

Phalanx 3 in laymen’s terms

A

Coffin bone

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10
Q

When standing it is optimal to place axis of each joint where?

A

Directly under th line of gravity of the limb

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11
Q

What are the two problems with horses standing for long periods of time

A

1: exact positioning of muscles is possible so without support force due to gravity joints would collapse
2: muscles are energetically costly

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12
Q

What is the solution to preventing joint collapse and not using lots of muscular energy

A

Passive stay apparatus

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13
Q

What is the passive stay apparatus

A

Combines force of gravity with properties of skeleton, tendons, and ligaments to maintain balance during standing while reducing muscular effort to a minimal level

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14
Q

What are the three components of passive stay apparatus

A

Suspensory, check, and stay

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15
Q

What is the suspensory apparatus composed of

A

Interosseous ligaments and distal sesamoid

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16
Q

What is the interosseous ligament, where does it arise, insert

A

Part of suspensory ligament. Arises from palmar carpal ligament and MCIII and travels between Splint bones and splits to insert on abaxial side of proximal sesamoid

Proceeds along dorsal surface of 1st phalanx and attaches to extensor digitorum

17
Q

What extends the suspensory apparatus to the pastern

A

Distal sesamoidean ligaments

18
Q

The suspensory apparatus prevents ____ of the manus and pes

A

Hyperextension of MCP, pastern, and coffin

19
Q

What will happen if you pull on suspensory apparatus

A

Coffin joint will flex and move palmar surface into caudal position

Extensor branch of interosseous passes dorsally from suspensory lgiament to join extensor diagtorum communis. Coffin bone is extended back into proper position without extension of fetlock and pastern

20
Q

What is the check apparatus composed of

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (fore and hindlimb)

Flexor digitorum superficialis

21
Q

Check ligament in flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Accessory/superior/proximal ligament is tendenous radial head of superficial digital flexor that joins muscle tendon distal to carpus

Forms ligamentous connection from radius to pastern joint

22
Q

What does the accessory/superior/proximal ligament prevent

A

Hyperextension of carpal and fetlock joints

23
Q

What is check ligament in flexor digitorum profundus

A

Accessory/inferior/distal check ligament arises from carpal joint and inserts on FDP

Forms ligamentous connection all the way to coffin joint

24
Q

What does the accessory/inferior/distal check ligament prevent

A

Hypertension of fetlock, pastern, and coffin joints

25
Q

What muscles are involved in stay apparatus of thoracic limb

A

Serratus ventralis, biceps brachii, lacertus fibrosus, extensor carpi radialis

26
Q

What muscles are involved in reciprocal mechanism of pelvic limb

A

Perioneus teritus and flexor digitorum superficialis and fibrous band of gastrocnemius

27
Q

What supports the cranial part of body and connects costal side of scapula to caudal cervical vertebrae and cranial ribs

A

Serratus ventralis

28
Q

Stay apparatus

A

Flexion of GH pulls on internal biceps brachi tendon cranially

Bicep tendon connects to leg via lacertus fibrosus and extensor carpi radialis. As leg is fixed this causes tendon of biceps to pull distally and pull scapula back into place

Weight of body will cause carpal joints to collapse into Flexion if left uncheck so force through lacertus fibrosus and extensor carpi radialis prevents carpal joints from going into flexion

29
Q

Reciprocal mechanism

A

Ensures that when femur swings one way distal limb will swing opposite way. Ensures that when patella is locked the hock is also immobile
Allows joints to move in unison

30
Q

What causes flexion of stifle to produce flexion of hock

A

Opposing fibrous connections of flexor digitorum superficialis and perooenus tertius

31
Q

Rupture of peroneus tertius

A

Decoupling of reciprocal mechanism, flexion of stifle will not force flexion of hock

32
Q

What causes locked patella

A

Medial patellar ligament remains hooked over medial epicondyle ridge

Temporary can startle or exercise out

Permanent- startling does not release stifle

Anatomy Quarter 2- 2023 (39 decks)

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